Meteorological forcing

Smith, N.P. (1978) Long-period, estuarine-shelf exchange in response to meteorological forcing. In Hydrodynamics of Estuaries and Fjords (Nichoul, J.C.J., ed.), pp. 147-159, Elsevier, New York. 

Phaeocystis blooms in the southern North Sea without impacting on diatoms should decrease nitrate loads. Further MIRO simulations showed that (i) a significant sink of atmospheric C02 was associated with Phaeocystis blooms in the southern North Sea (Gypens et al. 2004), (ii) the coastal ecosystem had a low nutrient retention and elimination capacity, (iii) the trophic efficiency of the planktonic system was low, and (iv) both were modulated by meteorological forcing (Lancelot et al. 2005). 

The traditional prediction tables that are updated aimually by NOAA provide information about the astronomical tides, currents, river flows, and other meteorological forces. Real-time measurements, enriched by nowcasts, were identified as critical requirements for safe navigation, leading to the creation of the PORTS system. 

The criteria K is similar to the Archimedes number introduced in 19.30 liy Baturin and Shcpelev to characterize air jets influenced by buoyancy, or to ihe Richardson criteria used in meteorology to characterize rhe ratio of the mrbu-lence suppression by rhe buoyancy forces over the turbulence generation by the Reynolds tension, In the case of displacement ventilation, the Richardson criteria can be defined by rhe relationship -... 

Weather data for a number of years should be assembled for each community being studied. Particular attention should be given to such natural disasters as hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods, which often can be predicted from meteorological data. In certain locations these catastrophic events must be assumed to be probable and this increases construction costs. E.xtremely cold weather often hampers process plant operation and requires special construction features to protect equipment from freezing. Predominantly warm weather permits cheaper construction but may also reduce the efllcicncy of the labor force. 

Like water temperature, water quality downstream from reservoirs depends on the hydrodynamic processes that take place in the reservoirs. In the case of the Ebro River, the effect of the reservoir of Mequinensa on water quality was studied by Roura [46]. According to her results, this reservoir acted as a treatment plant that improved the quality of the river water. Also, the hydrodynamics of the reservoir depends on upstream water temperature, discharge and meteorological variables. Such forcing parameters change over the years and, consequently, the water quality... 

LeUeveld I, Crutzen PI, Dentener FI. 1998. Changing concentration, lifetime and climate forcing of atmospheric methane. Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology 50 128-150. 

Neiburger, M., J. G. Edinger, and H. C. Chin. Meteorological Aspects of Air Pollution and Simulation Models of Diffusion, Transport and Reactions of Air Pollution. Task Force No. 4. In Project Clean Air. Task Force Assessments. Vol 4. Riverside University of CalifomU, 1970. [60 pp.]... 

In summary, we now have models that account for all important forces influencing the dispersion and deposit of aerial sprays. We have estimates of inputs to make the models useful to forest managers. Further improvement in model results, particularly drift estimation, depends on better meteorological input. 

Feedback Mechanisms, Aerosol Forcing in Meso-meteorological Models... 

In this concern one of the important tasks is to develop a modelling instrument of coupled Atmospheric chemistry/Aerosol and Atmospheric Dynamics/Climate models for integrated studies, which is able to consider the feedback mechanisms, e.g. aerosol forcing (direct and indirect) on the meteorological processes and climate change (see Fig. 1.2). 

The chemical composition fields from ACTMs may be used as a driver for Regional/Global Climate Models, including aerosol forcing on meteorological processes. This strategy could also be reahzed for NWP or MetMs. 

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