Non-metastatic cells

Two criteria must be met if a model is to be considered useful for studying metastasis. First, one must use metastatic cells. Unfortunately, it is still commonplace that many studies utilize non-metastatic cells for studies of metastasis. The primary reason for... 

Erlotinib (Tarceva ) competes with ATP in the HER1/EGFR ATP-binding pocket. It is used in the clinic in locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer after failure of at least one chemotherapy regime [1, 3, 5]. 

Gefitinib (Iressa ) Astra-Zeneca TKI EGFR Metastatic non-small cell lung carcinoma... 

Vinorelbine, a microtubule interactive agent, also has shown impressive response rates in metastatic breast cancer.60 Vinorelbine was approved by the FDA in 1994 for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. It is not approved for breast cancer, but response rates to vinorelbine range from 30% to 50%, with an overall 5% complete response rate in phase I and phase II studies in patients with advanced breast cancer. Importantly, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and vinorelbine do not appear to be cross-resistant with anthracyclines, which are arguably considered first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer. 

Figure 3.3 Comparison of array CGH among DNA extracted from fresh tissue, FFPE tissue by heating protocol or nonheating protocol for two human tissue samples of metastatic carcinoma in lymph node (a-c), and undifferentiated non-small cell carcinoma (d-f). Array CGH hybridization genomic profiles show ratio values representing relative copy number of single BACs. A good result is scored as 1.0 that indicates a low standard deviation for gains (>0.2), normal (0.0), or losses (<-0.2). In these two cases, fresh samples show best score as 2, both FFPE tissue samples show identical score of 3. Each spot represents the average of three replicates. Clones are ordered by chromosomal position as numbers at the bottom (x axis) of each picture. The y axis is the log2 ratio of test reference intensity. Provided by Sandy DeVries from Dr. Frederic Waldman s Lab at UCSF.

Trastuzumab Metastatic breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer. 

Metastatic stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a grim outcome. The median survival does not exceed 11 months, with no differences according to different cisplatin-based regimens. However, this clinical observation is spurious from the molecular point of view, bewcausse DNA repair genes involved in several path-... 

Rosell R, Scagliotti G, Danenberg KD et al. Transcripts in pretreatment biopsies from a three-arm randomized trial in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2003 22 3548-3553. 

In 2004, bevacizumab (Avastin) became the first antiangiogenesis drug to receive FDA approval. It is intended for combination use with standard chemotherapy for metastatic colon cancer. Approval for other indications as part of combination therapy followed non-small-cell lung cancer and breast cancer. The cost for bevacizumab s research and development was 2.25 billion. 

Case study level 1 - Non-small cell lung cancer 171 Case study level 2 - Treatment of advanced colorectal cancer 173 Case study level 3 - Treatment of metastatic breast cancer and its complications 175... 

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