Special metallurgy

Miller, A.R., Stanton, R.A., Cluff, G.R., Male, M.J., 1986. Uranium deposits and prospects of the Baker Lake Basin and subbasins Central District of Keewatin, Northwest Territories. In Evans, E.L. (Ed.) Uranium Deposits of Canada. Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Special Volume 33, 263-285. 

Atkinson, D. Baker, D.J. 1986. Recent developments in the geologic understanding of Mactung, In Morin, J.A. (ed.), Mineral Deposits of the Northern Cordillera. Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Special 37, 234-244. 

Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Special Volume... 

Use Organic synthesis (methanol, ethylene, isocyanates, aldehydes, acrylates, phosgene), fuels (gaseous), metallurgy (special steels, reducing oxides, nickel refining), zinc white pigments. 

C. R. Evans andF. L. Staplin, 3rdlnt. Geochemical Exploration Symp. Proc., Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Special Vol. 11, 1971, p. 517. 

Special techniques for experimentation with the actinide elements other than Th and U have been devised because of the potential health ha2ard to the experimenter and the small amounts available (15). In addition, iavestigations are frequently carried out with the substance present ia very low coaceatratioa as a radioactive tracer. Such procedures coatiaue to be used to some exteat with the heaviest actinide elements, where only a few score atoms may be available they were used ia the earHest work for all the transuranium elements. Tracer studies offer a method for obtaining knowledge of oxidation states, formation of complex ions, and the solubiHty of various compounds. These techniques are not appHcable to crystallography, metallurgy, and spectroscopic studies. 

R. O. Gmbel, ed.. Metallurgy of Elemental and Compound Semiconductors, Interscience Pubhshers, New York, 1961. Discusses eady work on semiconductor dendrites and other methods of growing shaped crystals. The special issue of / Cyst. Growth (Sept. 1980) is devoted to shaped crystal growth. 

Next to sales contract specifications, coiTosion protection ranks highest among the reasons for the removal of acid gases. The partial pressure ol the acid gases may be used as a measure to determine whether treatment IS required. The partial pressure of a gas is defined as the total pressure of the system times the mole % of the ga,seous component. Where ( 02 is present with free water, a partial pres.sure ot. hi psia or greater would indicate that CO2 corrosion should be expected. If CO2 is not removed, inhibition and special metallurgy may be required. Below 15 psia, COt corrosion is not normally a problem, although inhibition may be required. 

Hi.S may cause hydrogen embrittlement in certain metals. Figures 7-1 and 7 -2 show the H2S concentration at which the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) recommends special metallurgy to guard against H9S corrosion. 

Stressed, such as heat-affected zones near welds, in areas of high acid-gas concentration, or at a hot gas-liquid interface. Therefore, stress-relieving all equipment after manufacturing is necessary to reduce corrosion, and special metallurgy in specific areas such as the still overhead or the reboiler tubes may be required. 

Most refrigeration plants use freon as the refrigerant anti limit the lowest temperature to -20°F. This is because the ANSI piping codes require special metallurgy considerations below -20 F to assure ductility. 

Because of the magnitude of the task of preparing the material for this new edition in proper detail, it has been necessary to omit several important topics that were covered in the previous edition. Topics such as corrosion and metallurgy, cost estimating, and economics are now left to the more specialized works of several fine authors. The topic of static electricity, however, is treated in the chapter on process safety, and the topic of mechanical drivers, which includes electric motors, is covered in a separate chapter because many specific items of process equipment require some type of electrical or mechanical driver. Even though some topics cannot be covered here, the author hopes that the designer will find design techniques adaptable to 75 percent to 85-1- percent of required applications and problems. 

H Howarth, AMlCorr, AMet Investigator, Production Metallurgy Section, Special Steels Division, BSC... 

A special class of ionically conducting melts are the oxide-based systems (usually, mixtures of a metal oxide and a nomnetal oxide, e.g., CaO and Si02) with melting points between 1200 and 2500°C. Such melts are often formed in the high-temperature processes of metallurgy. 

C. K. Gupta (Guest Editor), Special Issue Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Chemical Metallurgy, Jan. 9-11, 1991, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, Vols. 8, 9 and 10, No. 14, 1992. 

C. K. Gupta (Guest Editor), Special Issue Chemistry and Metallurgy of Refractory and Reactive Metals and Materials Extraction and Processing, Part 1, Vol. 9, No. 24,1990 Part 2, Vol. 11, No. 14,1993, High Temperature Materials and Processes, Freund Publishing House Ltd., England. 

The metallurgy selected for construction of a firewater pump is dependent on the properties of the water source to be used. For fresh water sources (i.e., public water mains), cast iron is normally adequate although bronze internals may be optional. Brackish or sea water utilization will require the use of highly corrosion resistance materials and possibly coatings. Typically specified metals include alloy bronze, monnel, ni-resistant, or duplex stainless steels sometime combined with a corrosion resistant paint or specialized coating. 

Uses. In metallurgy for hardening copper and lead alloys to prepare GaAs for electronic devices, doping agent in germanium and silicon solid state products, special solders. 

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