Metallurgy roasting

Pyrometallurgy. Metallurgy involved in winning and refining metals where heat is used, as in roasting and smelting. PyrometaHurgy is the oldest extractive process and is probably the most important. 

Car] Friedrich Plattner, 1800-1858. Professor of metallurgy at the Freiberg School of Mines Author of books on blowpipe analysis and the roasting of ores. He was an expert analyst, trained under Heinrich Rose When his careful analysis of pollux was made in 1846, the spectroscope had not yet been invented, and he was unable to recognize the presence of the new element cesium... 

Metallurgy. Owing to the instability of mercuric sulfide and mercuric oxide, the metallurgy of mercury is relatively simple. Low-grade ores that have been concentrated by flotation or high-grade ores may be treated in one of two ways. The simplest procedure involves roasting the sulfide to produce mercury vapor and sulfur dioxide ... 

Metallurgy. After concentration of sulfide ores of lead (usually by flotation), the concentrate is subjected to an incomplete process of roasting. This treatment converts lead sulfide partly to lead monoxide and lead sulfate... 

Metallurgy. Concentrated cassiterite ores are roasted largely for the purpose of removing arsenic and sulfur (as As203 and S02) and converting metallic impurities into their oxides. These oxides are then removed by leaching with dilute sulfuric acid, in which the Sn02 is... 

Roasting furnaces are used to react sulfides to produce metal oxides, which can be converted to metals in the next process step. The sulfides are used as a reducing agent in nonferrous metallurgy for the recovery of metals. The process has been used for metals such as copper, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, tin, antimony, and titanium. 

The reaction equations of the cycle using liquid Pb are shown in Table IV. As a means of preparing Pb from PbS, the roast-reaction or air-reduction method is well-known in nonferrous extractive metallurgy. The reactions for this method can be presented as follows ... 

In extractive metallurgy, for instance, certain low-grade copper ores could be leached with acid or ammoniacal solution advantageously in the fluidized state cupriferous iron ores, after sulfatizing roasting, could have their copper values recovered selectively by leaching with a very dilute acid (Yu et al., 1964) ... 

Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, Division III, Staged Fluidized Leaching of Products of Chioridizing Roasting of Pyrites Cinder—Preliminary Process Design (in Chinese, unpublished), 1965-7-31 (1965). 

These sources are detailed in the book, but our main subject is production of sulfuric acid from S02(g). Readers interested in smelting and roasting offgases might enjoy our other books Extractive Metallurgy of Copper (2002) and Flash Smelting (2003). 

Li, Y., and Wang, F. Experiments of hydrodynamics for roasted magnesite in a fast fluidized bed, Research report (in Chinese), Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, Academia Sinica (1983). 

The Metallurgy of Lead. The principal ore of lead is galena, PbS, which occurs, often in beautiful cubic crystals, in large deposits in the United States, Spain, and Mexico. The ore is first roasted until part of it has been converted into lead oxide, PbO, and lead sulfate, PbS04. The supply of air to the furnace is then cut off, and the temperature is raised. Metallic lead is then produced by the reactions... 

The Metallurgy of Iron. The ores of iron are usually first roasted, in order to remove water, to decompose carbonates, and to oxidize sulfides. They are then reduced with coke, in a structure called a blast furnace (Fig. 26-2). Ores containing limestone or magnesium carbonate are mixed with an acidic flux (containing an, excess of silica), such as sand or clay, in order to make a liquid slag. Limestone is used as flux for ores containing an excess o silica. The mixture of ore, flux, and coke is introduced at the top of the blast furnace, and pre heated air is blown in at the bottom through tuyeres. As the solid... 

Ores of copper native copper, cuprite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, malachite, azurite. Metallurgy of ores containing native copper, oxide and carbonate ores, sulfide ores. Gangue, flux, flotation, roasting of ores, matte, blister copper. Cupric compounds copper sulfate (blue vitriol, bluestone), Bordeaux mixture, cupric chloride, cupric bromide, cupric hydroxide. Test for cupric ion with Fehling s solution. Cuprous compounds cuprous chloride, cuprous bromide, cuprous iodide, cuprous oxide. Covalent-bond structure of cuprous compounds. 

The method used for making pure nickel metal is a common one in metallurgy. Metallurgy is the art and science of working with metals. Most nickel ores contain nickel sulfide (NiS). These ores are roasted (heated in air). Roasting converts the nickel sulfide to nickel oxide ... 

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