Metallic sodium, reaction with

Alkynyl anions are more stable = 22) than the more saturated alkyl or alkenyl anions (p/Tj = 40-45). They may be obtained directly from terminal acetylenes by treatment with strong base, e.g. sodium amide (pA, of NH 35). Frequently magnesium acetylides are made in proton-metal exchange reactions with more reactive Grignard reagents. Copper and mercury acetylides are formed directly from the corresponding metal acetates and acetylenes under neutral conditions (G.E. Coates, 1977 R.P. Houghton, 1979). 

A base is any material that produces hydroxide ions when it is dissolved in water. The words alkaline, basic, and caustic are often used synonymously. Common bases include sodium hydroxide (lye), potassium hydroxide (potash lye), and calcium hydroxide (slaked lime). The concepts of strong versus weak bases, and concentrated versus dilute bases are exactly analogous to those for acids. Strong bases such as sodium hydroxide dissociate completely while weak bases such as the amines dissociate only partially. As with acids, bases can be either inorganic or organic. Typical reactions of bases include neutralization of acids, reaction with metals, and reaction with salts ... 

The phase-transfer catalysed reaction of nickel tetracarbonyl with sodium hydroxide under carbon monoxide produces the nickel carbonyl dianions, Ni,(CO) 2- and Ni6(CO)162, which convert allyl chloride into a mixture of but-3-enoic and but-2-enoic acids [18]. However, in view of the high toxicity of the volatile nickel tetracarbonyl, the use of the nickel cyanide as a precursor for the carbonyl complexes is preferred. Pretreatment of the cyanide with carbon monoxide under basic conditions is thought to produce the tricarbonylnickel cyanide anion [19], as the active metal catalyst. Reaction with allyl halides, in a manner analogous to that outlined for the preparation of the arylacetic acids, produces the butenoic acids (Table 8.7). 

Reaction with sodium. Metallic sodium reacts with alcohols with the evolution of hydrogen. 

Nitrides, formed in Nj-metal complex reactions, with protonic acids yield N—H bond-containing products. Sodium napthalide reduction of EtjTiClj under N2 in ether" or (h -MejCp)2TiN2 in THF , followed by HjO treatment, results in 65% conversion of 1 mol of Nj to NHj per mol initial Ti complex ... 

A substance may dissolve with or without reaction with the solvent. For example, when metallic sodium reacts with water, there is the evolution of bubbles of hydrogen and a great deal of heat. A chemical change occurs in which H2 and soluble ionic sodium hydroxide, NaOH, are produced. 

BROMOTRIFLUOROMETHANE (75-63-8) CBrFj Noncombustible gas. Can react violently with barium, sodium, and potassium chemically active metals powdered metals. The reaction with aluminumproduces a self-sustaining reaction... 

ALLILE (CLORURO di) (Italian) (107-05-1) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point -20°F/-29°C). Violent polymerization and explosion may occur from elevated temperatures, light, acid catalysts, ferric chloride, aluminum chloride, Lewis acids, or Ziegler catalysts, finely divided metals. Violent reaction with oxidizers, alkyl aluminum chlorides. Incompatible with strong acids, oleum, amines, aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride, chloro-sulfonic acid, ethylene diamine, ethyleneimine, ferric chloride, sodium hydroxide. Slow decomposition with moisture. Attacks some coatings, plastics, and rubber. Corrosive to steel. Flow or agitation of substance may generate electrostatic charges due to low conductivity. 

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