Stainless steels metal-matrix composites

In an earlier study, Ducheyne and Hench fabricated composite materials with a bioactive glass (Bioglass ) matrix and stainless steel fibre reinforcement by an immersion technique [25]. Donald et al. have reported on the fabrication of glass and glass-ceramic matrix composites reinforced by stainless steel and Ni-based alloy filaments with diameters in the range 4 to 22 [jum [100, 101]. Glass-encapsulated metal filaments prepared by the Taylor-wire process were used for the fabrication of the composites [100]. 

Stainless Steel Based Metal Matrix Composites, Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 13, No. 10, 1997, pp. 847-851. 

Examples of stab resistant body armour are often quite different in constractional character. For example, some comprise a matrix of overlapping metal or composite plates located between fabric layers (based on para-aramid or UHMW polyethylene), others are based on more flexible aramid woven textiles which have been coated with silicon carbide particles to blunt the knife point and others incorporate fine tungsten wire within a knitted fabric matrix. Copying the ancient chain mail concept, similar fine mail constructed from stainless steel or titanium wire may be included as a layer. Obviously the overall weight and thickness of the resulting armour is of crucial importance for the comfort of the wearer but this will be determined largely by the magnitude of the threat. 

Honeycomb monoliths are obtained by extruding a paste made by catalytic material, whereas plate catalysts are made by depositing the catalytic material onto a stainless steel net or a perforated metal plate. Composite ceramic monolith catalysts, consisting of a monolith matrix made of cordierite coated with metal oxide SCR material, are also offered. However, they may suffer adhesion problems in the presence of dust and their use may be preferably limited to clean environment. Coated metal monoliths are constructed of thin metal foil and are characterized by large cell densities. In view of this, they are used exclusively in dust-free applications. 

First, a few studies on metal-filled composite bipolar plates are briefly described. At Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) composite bipolar plates filled with porous graphite and stainless steel and bonded with polycarbonate (Hermann, 2005) has been developed. Kuo (2006) investigated in composite bipolar plates based on austenitic chromium-nickel-steel (SS316L) incorporated in a matrix of PA 6. Their results showed that these bipolar plates are chemically stable. Furthermore, Bin et al. (2006) reported a metal-filled bipolar plate using polyvinylidene fluorid (PVDF) as the matrix and titanium silicon carbide (TijSiCj) as the conductive filler and obtained an electrical conductivity of 29 S cm" with 80 wt% filling content. 

In implant resistance welding, an electrically resistive element that is placed at the joint interface is heating by either direct or alternating current [2], The resistive implant may be as simple as a nichrome or stainless steel wire or mesh. More complex implants can be tapes of braided metallic wire with thermoplastic monofilaments or a composite of polymer matrix with electrically conductive particles or fibers. As shown in Fig. 26.26, during implant induction welding, the resistive implant is placed between the two parts. Electric current is then passed for a preset time through the resistance implant while the parts are under pressure. Then the current flow stops and the parts are kept under pressure while the weld cools, and the implant remains at the joint interface. 

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