Exogenous Estrogens

Majdic, G., Sharpe, R.M., and Oshaughnessy, PJ. et al. (1996). Expression of cytochrome P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C 17-20 lyase in the fetal rat testis is reduced by maternal exposure to exogenous estrogens. Endocrinology 137, 1063-1070. 

Kuch HM, Ballschmiter K (2000) Determination of endogenous and exogenous estrogens in effluents from sewage treatment plants at the ng/L-level. Fresen J Anal Chem 366 392-395... 

Davison S, Davis SR (2003) New markers for cardiovascular disease risk in women impact of endogenous estrogen status and exogenous postmenopausal hormone therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88 2470-2478... 

The synthesis of Lp(a) can be influenced by hormones, as is reported by Albers et al. (A7), who observed a reduction of Lp(a) concentrations in nor-molipidemic postmenopausal women treated during 6 weeks with the anabolic steroid stanazolol. The same effect was reported for norethisterone (FI) and danazol (Cl2). Exogenous estrogens, as used in treatment of postmenopausal complaints and in oral contraceptives, induce a decrease of Lp(a) (D9, H27, K13, KAO, L21, S37). This effect is dose-related and dependent on Lp(a) levels before treatment (F2). Watanabe (W9) investigated the influence of progestogen (alone) and detected a decrease of Lp(a) during treatment. 

Removal of the adrenal gland, and thus adrenal androgens, has been associated with an inhibition of sexual behavior in both humans and primates. In addition, in primates exogenous androgens, but not estrogens, reportedly reversed the effects of adrenalectomy. Exogenous androgen treatments reportedly can facilitate sexual responses in women (Sherwin, 1996). 

The studies were conducted in the absence or presence of exogenous estradiol to reveal the estrogen-dependent nature of the cyclopropyl compounds [179,181]. 

Exogenous estrogen may also increase absorption through this same mechanism. 

In untreated women, the main risk factors for endometrial carcinoma are age, obesity, nulliparity, late menopause (and possibly early menarche), the Stein-Leventhal syndrome, exposure to exogenous estrogens, radiation, and certain systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypothyroidism, and arthritis (SED-14, 1451) (88). Certain of these risk factors indicate that an altered endocrine state with increased estrogen stimulation is a predisposing cause, and one might thus in theory expect estrogen treatment (and notably hormonal replacement therapy) to increase the risk (SEDA-22, 466). 

---