Mendeleev prize

Prof. Nicolai Arkadevic Ismailov (picture in Fig. 1 of [674]) was head of the physical chemistry laboratory in the Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry in Kharkov. He was bom on 22. 6. 1907 and died on 2. 10. 1961 and was one of the best-known Soviet specialists in the field of solution electrochemistry, with about 240 publications to his name. He was a member of the Scientific Academy of the Ukrainian SSR and had received the Mendeleev Prize. The co-author, Dr. Maria Semenovna Shraiber, bom on 11. 9. 1904, is still working today in the above named Institute. She has published over 50 papers on problems of pharmaceutical analysis (complexometry, paper chromatography and titrations in non-aqueous solutions, etc.) [511, 567, 633]. 

In addition, ft is by no means cleer that successful predictions were in bcl so decisive in the acceptance of the periodic tabic by the sciunllfic community in Mmddecv s era. For example, the Davy medal, which predates the Nobel Prize as the highest accolade in chords-try was jointly awarded to Mendeleev and Julius Lothar Meyer his leading compellor, who dkt not make aery predictions. Indeed, there is not even a mention of Mendeleev s predictions in the published speech that accompanied the joint award of the Davy prize. It therefore scons dial this prize was awarded for the manner in which the... 

The Nobel Prize has been awarded since 1901. Dimitri Mendeleev, who designed the Periodic Table in 1869, lived until 1907. He was not distinguished with this prize, because his discovery had been made too long ago and in the meantime had become scientific general knowledge. 

Mendeleev and his students contributed to all branches of chemistry, and his literary work was also of great value. His textbook Principles of Chemistry was the best chemistry text in the Russian language, and for this reason the Petrograd Academy awarded him the Demidoff prize (46). It is written in a peculiar style, with the footnotes occupying more space... 

The search for new elements must undoubtedly have been an appealing enterprise for young chemists around the turn of the century. Eventually, successful research could lead to the most praised reward a Nobel Prize. After the acceptance of the periodic law and system of Dimitrii Mendeleev, the search for yet undiscovered elements became a more organized and rationally based investigation, but nevertheless the identification and manufacture of new elements was made possible only by a set of techniques and instruments developed in the realm of both physics and chemistry. 

More than 40 years later, after Mendeleevs death, the concept of atomic number was introduced, and it was recognized that elements should be listed in order of atomic number, not atomic mass. Mendeleevs ordering was thus vindicated, since telluriums atomic number is one less than iodines atomic number. Before he died, Mendeleev was considered for the Nobel Prize, but did not receive sufficient votes to receive the award despite the importance of his insights. 

In 1905 a very strong candidate, the outstanding German organic chemist, Adolf von Baeyer, was rewarded for his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds, which had proved to be very important for the development of the chemical industry. But what of the prize for 1906, could that not have been given to Mendeleev In fact, he came very close to getting it the chemical Nobel... 

The second innovation Mendeleev made involved the relative placement of tellurium and iodine. If the elements are listed in strict order of their atomic masses, then iodine should be placed before tellurium, since iodine is lighter. That would place iodine in a group with sulfur and selenium and tellurium in a group with chlorine and bromine, an arrangement that does not work for either iodine or tellurium. Therefore, Mendeleev rather boldly reversed the order of tellurium and iodine so that tellurium falls below selenium and iodine falls below bromine. More than 40 years later, after Mendeleevs death, the concept of atomic number was introduced, and it was recognized that elements should be listed in order of atomic number, not atomic mass. Mendeleevs ordering was thus vindicated, since telluriums atomic number is one less than iodines atomic number. Before he died, Mendeleev was considered for the Nobel Prize, but did not receive sulE cient votes to receive the award despite the importance of his insights. 

In 1905 he was nominated for the Nobel Prize, but lost by one vote to Henri Moissan, the discoverer of fluorine. The Swedish Royal Academy thus lost its chance, because in a year or so Mendeleev died. Many scientists have had similar intuition as had Mendeleev,... 

Great precautions must be taken to keep the product gases separate because they will explosively reform HF.) Moissan received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1906, edging out by one vote another, arguably even more worthy chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev. 

In September 1936, a Mendeleev Congress was held in Moscow, organized by the Academy of Sciences to celebrate the 100th birthday of the discoverer of the Periodic Table of the Elements. By invitation of the Academy of Sciences, the then-recent winners of the Nobel Prize, Irene Joliot-Curie (12 September 1897-17 March 1956) and Frederic Joliot-Curie (19 March 1900-14 August 1958) were the guests of honor. On September 29, 1936, Frederic presented his lecture "The Structure of Matter and Artificial Radioactivity" at the Physical Faculty of MSU. The famous Soviet scientists S. I. Vavilov, N. D. Zelinskiy, L. I. Mandelshtam, A. Y. Fersman, and Frumkin were all present. The Joliot-Curie couple also visited the Karpov Institute, where Frumkin showed them around (Photo 4.18). 

Fig. 9.4 Academician Ivan Ljudvigovich Knunyants (1906-1990). Dr. chem., professor, general of engineer corps, laureate of the state (three times), and Lenin Prizes of USSR. He had developed physiologically active compounds and medicine drugs and organofluorine monomers and fibers the founder of the Russian school of organofluorine chemistry and head of the organofluorine laboratory in INEOS RAS (1954-1986). Lecturer of the Military Academy of Chemical Protection (head of the department since 1938). The founder and chief editor of the Zh. Vses. Khim. Obstsh. im. Mendeleeva (1956, Mendeleev communications since 1990), editor-in-chief of the chemical encyclopedia (Moscow 1988-1990)...

Fig. 9.7 Prof. Dr. Andrey Petrovich Tomilov. Graduated from D.I. Mendeleev MKHTI (1947-1952), Ph.D. (1955), Dr. chem. (1966), head of laboratory (1960), Lenin Prize of USSR (1971). Works on electrosynthesis (see text). Photo Krasnoyarsk conference, 1987...

Fig. 2.1 Dmitry Mendeleev (1834—1907), date unknown. His discovery of the Periodic Law is arguably the most important (eligible) contribution in chemistry that was never recognized with a Nobel Prize (Image courtesy of the University of Pennsylvania Library s Edgar Fahs Smith Memorial Collection)...

Three elements Mendeleev had predicted were discovered by European chemists. Two Britons, Newlands and Odling, are among six originators of the periodic system identified by both Scerri and van Spronsen. In the second half of the research period, 1895-1920, several very significant discoveries were made by other British scientists including Ramsay, Thomson, Soddy, and Moseley, mostly future Nobel Prize winners. 

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