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Membranes living cell

The Ionic Basis of Membrane Activity. Almost all living cells maintain specific internal chemical environments that ate different from their external environments. In cardiac cells the principal ions involved in maintaining membrane activity are sodium, Na" potassium, K" chloride, CU and calcium, Ca ". The internal (i) and external (o) concentrations of these ions are Na" = 140 mM, Na" = 30 mM = 4 mM, = 140 mM Cl ... [Pg.110]

The remainder of this chapter will deal with natural polymers. These are large molecules, produced by plants and animals, that carry out the many life-sustaining processes in a living cell. The cell membranes of plants and the woody structure of trees are composed in large part of cellulose, a polymeric carbohydrate. We will look at the structures of a variety of different carbohydrates in Section 23.3. Another class of natural polymers are the proteins. Section 23.4 deals with these polymeric materials that make up our tissues, bone, blood, and even hair. ... [Pg.611]

Controlled-release drug delivery systems mimic nature. Molecules called lipids are found in fats and also form the membranes of living cells. A lipid molecule is similar in struc-... [Pg.465]

Due to the predominantly hydrophilic nature of PNAs they do not readily cross lipid membranes [93] and enter living cells [94]. Therefore in order to explore the ex vivo and in vivo potential of PNA as an antisense and/or antigene reagent, a number of different transfection protocols have been devised over recent years. [Pg.166]

A dual isotope labeling technique [85] has been used to measure membrane permeability in plant cells, based on the selective permeabiHty of the membranes of living cells to tritiated water and carbon-14 labeled mannitol. Kieran [29] showed that the results of the dual isotope labeling and Evan s Blue staining methods correlated well as indicators of cell viability however, the latter was preferable in terms of reagent cost and ease of analysis. [Pg.148]

Most living cells, including muscle, maintain the cytoplasmic Ca concentration at submicromolar levels, against steep gradients of [Ca ], both at the cell surface and across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane [17]. In the musele cell two membrane systems are primarily involved in this function the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the surface membrane. [Pg.57]

Any living cell continuously receives information about its surroundings. Its surface membrane has numerous protein receptors, which interact with practically all vitally important molecules. [Pg.649]

Chen, Y. Pant, A. C. Simon, S. M., P-glycoprotein does not reduce substrate concentration from the extracellular leaflet of the plasma membrane in living cells, Cancer Res. 61, 7763-7768 (2001). [Pg.283]

Calcein AM (CAM) Live cells green stained Cell membrane Yesa [34]... [Pg.179]

Neutral Red (NR) Live cells red lysosomes Lysosomal membrane No [33, 34]... [Pg.179]

Yano Y, Matsuzaki K (2009) Tag-probe labeling methods for live-cell imaging of membrane proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta-Biomembranes 1788 2124—2131... [Pg.55]

Perhaps most exciting is that we are now living in a time when enough knowledge has accumulated so that there are initial attempts to fabricate versions of living cells in the laboratory. Entire genomes have been transferred from one bacterial species to another, and it is now possible to reconstitute a system of membranes, DNA, RNA and ribosomes that can synthesize a specific protein in an artificial cell. [Pg.344]

Some workers have used spin labels attached to a membrane or biological macromolecule to study the motion of these components of living cells (Chapter 5). [Pg.18]


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