Membranes laminated polymer

Gibson, P.W., 2000. Effect of temperature on water vapor transport through polymer membrane laminates. Polym. Test. 19, 673-691. 

The NE is an elaborate structure that can be divided into several distinct sub-domains the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), the lamin polymer, and a double membrane system consisting of the outer nuclear membrane (ONM), inner nuclear membrane (INM), lumen, and pore membrane (PoM) together with their integral proteins (Figure 1 see colour insert). The ONM is not only continuous with the ER, but is also studded with ribosomes indicating that in addition to being the outermost layer of the nucleus it is also a subcompartment of the ER. How much of its complement of integral membrane proteins is unique from more distal ER... 

Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Shul YG, Han HS (2004) Nafion-Nalion/polyvinylidene fluoride-Nafion laminated polymer membrane for direct methanol fuel cells. J Powct Sources 135 66-71... 

Panero, S., E. Spila, and B. Scrosati. 1995. On the use of ionically conducting membranes for the fabrication of laminated polymer-based redox capacitors. / Electroanal Chem 396 385. 

Figure 3.2 Cross sections of membrane laminates used variously for ion, CO2, O2 and H2O2 (for glucose) sensing, together with the reference electrode design, showing the repeat organisation of polymer, dry electrolyte and thin film-deposited metal conductor.

Chitosan has been associated with other biopolymers and with synthetic polymer dispersions to produce wound dressings. Biosynthetic wound dressings composed of a spongy sheet of chitosan and collagen, laminated with a gentamicyn sulphate-impregnated polyurethane membrane, have been produced and clinically tested with good results. 

Bolwin, K., Giilzow, E., Bevers, D., and Schnurnberger, W. Preparation of porous electrodes and laminated electrode-membrane structures for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Solid State Ionics 1995 77 324-330. 

One particular version of the lithium-ion gel polymer cells, also known as plastic lithium-ion cell (PLION). was developed by Bellcore (now Telcordia Technologies).In this case. Gozdz et al. developed a microporous plasticized PVdF—HFP based polymer electrolyte which served both as separator and electrolyte. In PLION cells, the anode and cathode are laminated onto either side of the gellable membrane. Good adhesion between the electrodes and the membranes is possible because all three sheets contain significant amounts of a PVdF copolymer that can be melted and bonded during the lamination step. 

The ultrathin dense barrier layer and the thick porous underlayer can be separately fabricated from various materials and laminated together to give an asymmetric membrane. Thus a thin barrier membrane can be formed on the porous matrix by casting from a polymer solution, in-situ polymerization, or in-situ-interfacial condensation polymerization. 

Figure 2.15 Measurements of Rosenbaum and Cotton [20] of the water concentration gradients in a laminated reverse osmosis cellulose acetate membrane under applied pressures of 68 and 136 atm. Reprinted from Steady-state Distribution of Water in Cellulose Acetate Membrane, S. Rosenbaum and O. Cotton, J. Polym. Sci. 7, 101 Copyright 1969. This material is used by permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Membranes and composites from cellulose and cellulose esters are important domains in the development and application of these polymer materials. The most important segment by volume in the chemical processing of cellulose contains regenerated cellulose fibers, films, and membranes, hi the case of the cellulose esters mainly cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate as well as novel high-performance materials created therefrom are widely used as laminates, composites, optical/photographic films and membranes, or other separation media, as reviewed in [1], The previously specified nanocelluloses from bacteria and wood tie in with these important potentials and open novel fields of application. 

Louis Hegedus Coming from the specialty chemicals applications, I would like to further emphasize what Sheldon Isakoff said. Take polyethylene, which our company uses extensively for a variety of applications. What do we do with it We fill it, modify it, functionalize it, formulate it, compound it, extrude it, laminate it, and end up with such vastly different products as battery separators, membranes, construction materials, insulation materials, battery electrodes, and microfilters. It is amazing what you can do with any given polymer. Much research emphasis today is on the properties of bulk polymers themselves. There is a whole science associated with com-... 

In this paper, I will describe results obtained in the continuation of this work with the laminate formulations. The laminates consist of an Inner layer that contains the pheromone plus laminating resins and outer layers made of polymeric membranes. The lure diffuses from the inner reservoir through the membrane layers and evaporates from the polymer surface. At the pheromone concentrations that we have evaluated, the release rate generally follows first order kinetics, with the rate proportional to the concentration of lure. The parameters of the polymeric membrane, including thickness and backbone... 

A number of insect species, including corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), contain and C,g aldehydes (C al and C al) in their pheromone blends (22, 23). The release rate of a C. al would be expected to be higher than that of a Cj al because of the molecular weight difference. A mixture containing 10% n-tetradecanal (CjA°al) in Z)-ll-hexadecenal [(J0-Il-Cj al] was formulated in four laminates, each made from a different type of polymeric membrane as the top and bottom layers vinyl, Mylar -coated vinyl, acrylic, and rigid vinyl film. (The saturated C,.°ol was used as a model because of availability.) The total alaehyde content was approximately 2.3 mg per cnr of laminate 0.7% (of the pheromone weight) of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) was added as an antioxidant. Table II gives the thickness of the polymers. 

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