Optical photographs of the

Fig. 4.5 Optical photograph of the composite colloidal crystal array film self assembled on a Teflon film. The submicron particles were composed of 326 nm diameter polystyrene beads coated with a 20 nm thick Si02 shell. Reprinted from Ref. 15 with permission. 2008 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers...

Polarized optical photographs of the blends are shown in Figure 20.3. The spherical LCP domains are irregularly dispersed in the PEN and PET phases below 20 mol % PHB content (Figure 20.3(a)). The results observed from 30 mol % PHB reveal a continuous co-existence of the PHB phase and the PEN/PET matrix in the blended polymers (Figure 20.3(b)). However, the blend with 40 mol % PHB shows a nematic LC phase. This result is similar to that found for the copolyesters synthesized by Chen and Zachmann [26], who found... 

Fig. 12.16 HRTEM images of UD50 and UD90 before and after oxidation for 5 h at 425°C in air. The insets show optical photographs of the ND powders...

Fig. 4.51 a Optical photographs of the tubes from left to tight as-extruded, bumt-out, and 95 % densified. b Photographs of the mbes from top to bottom 95 % densified, burned out, and as-extroded. Width of the figure is about 17 cm. Reproduced with pmnission from [218]. Copyright 2014, John Wiley Sons... 

Pig. 5. Optical photograph of the freestanding LBL films made from multiwall carbon nanotubes. 

Optical Photographs of the PS Layers with Embedded Polymers Particles... 

The electrochemical mechanism of filiform corrosion is described by a differential aeration cell between the front (low oxygen concentration) and the back (open to air through the cracked/porous tail of dry corrosion products) of the filament s active head . Therefore, the head is the local anode and the tail the local cathode, the opposite to the cathodic delamination described earlier. This is shown in Fig. 7-67 where an optical photograph of the filiform head is compared to the potential distribution in air (center) and in nitrogen (right) (Schmidt and Stratmann, 1998). 

Fig. 19.6 (a) Electrostatic and (b) hydrogen-bonding mechanism of dye adsorption onto nanofi-brous membranes, (c) Optical photograph of the self-standing fiber membranes and the performance of dye adsorption ((a) and (b) Reprinted with permission from Ref [90], 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry, (c) and (d) Reprinted with permission from Ref [91]. 2012 American Chemical Society)... 

Fig. 4.10 Optical photographs of the three-phase contact Unes as imaged from the bottom of the water sessile droplets on (a) smooth, (b) 12 pm pitch bumpy, and (c) 12 pm pitch cavity PDMS surfaces (Reproduced with permission from [19], Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society)...

Fig. 3.3.11 Partially regenerated, coked Al203 catalyst samples with the same residual coke content of 7.65% left, regenerated at 550 °C right, regenerated at 400 °C. (a) Optical photographs of cut samples (b) NMR images with...

Fig. 5.3.8 Photograph of the detection region of the NMR probe with radiofrequency coil. A methane—air mixture was ignited above the zeolite pellets. The mixture also contained xenon for NMR detection. Hp-129Xe NMR spectra with 30% xenon (from high-density xenon optical pumping) in 70% methane is depicted. (1) The spectrum in the absence of combustion and (2) the spectrum during combustion. Adapted from Ref. [2],...

Fig. 10.9 Photograph of the sensor chip and the flow through cuvette. The chip contains 11 four channel YI sensors. The light is coupled into the chip by means of an optical fiber at the top right hand side. The light is transported to the sensing area by means of a curved channel waveguide, visible as a white curved line. Ruler indicates the dimensions in centimeters. Reprinted from Ref. 28 with permission. 2008 American Chemical Society...

Figure 2.12 Photographs of polymer crystalline structures a) optical photograph of PP resin using polarizing light and filters, and b) electron micrograph of sPS resin (courtesy of Robert C. Cieslinski of The Dow Chemical Company)...

Surface fluorescence of NADH/NADPH can be recorded continuously with a DC fluorimeter and correlated with changes in experimental conditions. A mercury arc lamp (with a 340-375 nm filter in front) is used as a hght source for fluorescence excitation. The fluorescence response of reduced NADH/NADPH was measured at 450-510 nm. The DC fluorimeter and the Hg arc lamp are connected to the kidney by a trifurcated fiber optics light guide. NADH/NADPH fluorescence emission can be corrected for changes in tissue opacity by a 1 1 subtraction of reflectance changes at 340-375 nm from the fluorescence. To determine NADH/NADPH redox state of the total surface area of kidney cortex and to evaluate whether certain areas were insufficiently perfused, fluorescence photographs of the total surface area were taken. The study demonstrated that the surface fluorescence method is simple and provides specific information about the mitochondrial oxidation-reduction state. 

Mix 4 pi of standards and samples with 4 pi of Soln. B. Spot 5 pi of each mixture onto a plastic foil (e.g., Parafilm), lying on a UV transilluminator. Photograph the spots and evaluate the picture densitometrically. The optical densities of the standards are plotted against the amount of their DNA and the DNA content of the samples is calculated from the obtained standard curve (range 0-15pgDNA/ml). 

During the experiments, a micropump made circulating the sample through a reservoir. The optical path of the sample cell was 0.5 mm. The temperature of the sample was kept at 50 °C. The photographic quantum yield was measured at room temperature. 

To determine the best photographic method for die study of prehistoric textiles, experimentation with different light sources was necessary. A single lens reflex (SLR) film camera (Canon AE1) with an option for manual adjustments, and different macro and zoom lenses and filters were used for all photography. All pictures were taken with the samples placed on flocking paper (Edmund Scientific), which creates an optically inert background and therefore does not interfere with the optical properties of the textile to be examined. Details of the forensic photography methods are described in Baldia and Jakes (64, 65). 

Figure 5. A photograph of the fast response ln-sltu CO2 sensor monitoring carbon uptake by a soybean canopy. The open, folded optical absorption cell allows for fast sample exchange. The surrounding instruments measure air flow and humidity variations.

The key hardware for the combined application of, for example, a parallel optical and a subsequent fast sequential analytical method is the reactor. A photograph of the reactor system is shown in Fig. 2.5. 

Dia-Log Co. manufactures p-jump units with optical conductivity detection capabilities. A photograph of the p-jump unit with conductivity detection is shown in Fig. 4.6. Relaxation times of 50 >Lts—100 s can be measured. The conductivity range is 200 S m-1 to 0.05 S m-1, the temperature range is 273-343 K, and a sample volume of 0.5 ml or more can be used with a readout digitizer that has a memory of up to 256 values. It provides automatic data processing and data reduction with a microprocessor. The data can also be evaluated with PET, HP 67, or Wang 600 and 720 hand-held calculators. 

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