Membrane blood

Essex, D. W., Chen, K., Swiatkowska, M., Localization of protein disulfide isomerase to the external surface of the platelet plasma membrane, Blood. 86 (1995), p. 2168-2173... 

Figure 1. Solute transfer across an idealised eukaryote epithelium. The solute must move from the bulk solution (e.g. the external environment, or a body fluid) into an unstirred layer comprising water/mucus secretions, prior to binding to membrane-spanning carrier proteins (and the glycocalyx) which enable solute import. Solutes may then move across the cell by diffusion, or via specific cytosolic carriers, prior to export from the cell. Thus the overall process involves 1. Adsorption 2. Import 3. Solute transfer 4. Export. Some electrolytes may move between the cells (paracellular) by diffusion. The driving force for transport is often an energy-requiring pump (primary transport) located on the basolateral or serosal membrane (blood side), such as an ATPase. Outward electrochemical gradients for other solutes (X+) may drive import of the required solute (M+, metal ion) at the mucosal membrane by an antiporter (AP). Alternatively, the movement of X+ down its electrochemical gradient could enable M+ transport in the same direction across the membrane on a symporter (SP). A, diffusive anion such as chloride. Kl-6 refers to the equilibrium constants for each step in the metal transfer process, Kn indicates that there may be more than one intracellular compartment involved in storage. See the text for details...

Infection of nasal, oral, or conjunctival mucous membranes Blood-streaked discharge from the nose, nodules, and ulcerations Chronic form ... 

P., 1996, Opposite effects of tumor necrosis factor a on the sphingomyehn-ceramide pathway in two myeloid leukemia ceU hues Role of transverse sphingomyelin distribution in the plasma membrane. Blood 88 1465-1472. 

In a hollow-fiber-type membrane blood oxygenator, the blood flows outside and across the hollow fibers. The total membrane area (outside fibers) is 4 m . From the data on physical oxygen absorption into water at 20 °C, the following empirical equation (a) for the water-phase oxygen transfer coefficient (cm min ) in this particular oxygenator at 20 °C was obtained. 

A hollow-fiber-type membrane blood oxygenator, in which blood flows inside the hollow fibers, has a total membrane area (outside fibers) of 4.3 m". The inside diameter, membrane thickness, and length of the hollow fibers are 200 pm, 25 pm, and 13 cm, respectively. When venous blood (Ht = 40%, pQ. = 36 mmHg)... 

The function of a membrane blood oxygenator is shown schematically in Figure 12.6. In the human lung, the total exchange membrane area between... 

Figure 12.6 Flow schematic of a membrane blood oxygenator...

Thai IM, Ashman LK, Flarbour SN, Flogarth PM, Jackson DE. Physical proximity and functional interplay of PECAM-1 with the Fc receptor Fc gamma Rlla on the platelet plasma membrane. Blood 2003 102(10) 3637-45. 

The numerous technological applications of adsorption from solution include liquid purification, the stabilization of suspensions, ore flotation, soil science, adhesion, liquid chromatography, detergency, enhanced oil recovery, lubrication, and last but not least, applications in the life sciences (e.g. adsorption by cell membranes, blood vessels, bones, teeth, skin, eyes, and hair). 

Blood samples Blood is taken into heparin or ACD anticoagulant for isolation of erthrocyte membranes and into ACD anticoagulant for isolation of low density lipoproteins (LDL). All manipulations of blood should be initiated as soon as possible after venipuncture in the case of LDL preparation and within 17 h if preparing erythrocyte membranes. Blood samples are stored at 4°C before use. 

VIII short chain l(VIII) 454 111, 222, 112 Descemet s membrane, blood Pine hbrils... 

As mentioned earlier, membrane blood oxygenators probably would qualify as the earliest form of membrane contactors. Reference [11] is a good illustration of a hollow fiber device. However, most work on liquid-gas membrane contactor over the years has focused mainly on two categories (1) separation, purification, and treatment of water or aqueous media and (2) absorption of gaseous species from air either for purification or for recovery, which will be discussed separately. Applications in multiple markets and industries have been investigated in each category. 

Wickramasinghe SR and Han B. Designing microporous hollow fibre blood oxygenators. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 2005 83(A3) 256-261. Catapano C, Papenfuss HD, Wodetzki A, and Baurmeister U. Mass and momentum transfer in extra-luminal flow (ELF) membrane blood oxygenation. J. Membr. Sci. 2001 184 123-135. 

Bovine corneal cup method inflammatory response releasing chemotactic factors and then reacted with neutrophils Bovine corneal cup assay inflammatory response releasing specific mediators (histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes) that can be collected in the bath medium and quantitated by chemical assay Rat vaginal tissue assay similar to bovine corneal cup assay with release of specific mediators Fertile chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay scoring for vascular changes in the membrane blood vessels with fluorescein dye as well necrotic damage... 

Membrane Blood Bag Maintains Sterility During bload handling and storage... 

Figure 1. Schematic for a membrane blood bag for maintaining sterility during glycerolization and deglycerolization...

ADME studies. Twelve cows were administered two doses of " C-pirlimycin at a dose rate of 200 mg/quarter into all 4 quarters at a 24-hour interval. This dose rate was selected as the highest potential dose rate before the final efficacious dose of 50 mg/quarter had been firmly established. This treatment rate thus resulted in a 4-fold overdose. Blood, milk, urine and feces were collected at various times following the first dose. Combustion analysis of whole blood produced the time course of total residue, as illustrated in Figure 3 for three of the cows. There was a slow absorption of pirlimycin across the udder membrane/blood barrier with maximum concentrations occurring in the 6- to 12-hour posttreatment period. The terminal depletion of the... 

The overall dose accountability is presented in Table III. Note that the total residue in milk accounted for approximately half of the overall dose which suggested that half of the dose was absorbed, i.e. transported across the udder membrane/blood barrier for systemic circulation. Nearly 10% of the total dose was renally excreted and 24% was excreted via the GI Tract through 4 to 6 days of collection. The overall recovery of the administered dose was 89%. 

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