Melatonin modulation

Lewy AJ, Numberger JI, Wehr TA Supersensitivity to light possible trait marker for manic-depressive illness. Am J Psychiatry 142 725-727, 1985 Lewy AJ, Hughes RJ, Bauer VK, et al Melatonin modulation of brain and behavior clinical aspects, in Hormonal Modulation of Brain and Behavior. Edited by Halbreich U. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press (in press ... 

Martins Jr E, Oliveira AP, Araujo AM, Lima W, Cipollaneto J, Costa Rosa L (2001) Melatonin modulate allergic lung inflammation. J Pineal Res 31 363-369... 

The melatonin levels required to scavenge NO are much higher than physiological concentrations, but under or near physiological concentrations melatonin modulates NOS activity and thereby influences NO production (Pozo et al. 1997). 

Phase-shifting by melatonin is attributed to its action at MT2 receptors present in the SCN (Liu et al. 1997). The chronobiological effect of melatonin is due to its direct influence on the electrical and metabolic activity of the SCN, a finding that has been confirmed both in vivo and in vitro. The application of melatonin directly to the SCN significantly increases the amplitude of the melatonin peak, thereby suggesting that in addition to its phase-shifting effect melatonin directly acts on the amplitude of the oscillations (Pevet et al. 2002). However, this amplitude modulation seems to be unrelated to clock gene expression in the SCN (Poirel et al. 2003). 

Figure 10.3 Possible cellular pathways involved in the physiological modulation of GABAergic function by melatonin via the MTi receptor. See text for explanation. (See also Plate 2.)...

Masana, M. I., Soares, J. M. Jr Dubocovich, M. L. (2005). 17beta-Estradiol modulates hMT(l) melatonin receptor function. Neuroendocrinology 81, 87-95. 

Niles, L. P. Peace, C. H. (1990). Allosteric modulation of t-[35S]butylbicyclopho-sphorothionate binding in rat brain by melatonin. Brain Res. Bull. 24, 635-8. 

HT modulates neuroendocrine function 239 5-HT modulates circadian rhythmicity 239 5-HT modulates feeding behavior and food intake 239 Not only does 5-HT have important physiological effects of its own but it is also the precursor of the hormone melatonin 240... 

H hstract. Until recently, all ocular photoreception was attributed to the rods and cones of the retina. However, studies on mice lacking rod and cone photoreceptors (rdjrdcl), has shown that these mice can still use their eyes to detect light to regulate their circadian rhythms, suppress pineal melatonin, modify locomotor activity and modulate pupil size. In addition, action spectra for some of these responses have characterized a novel opsin/vitamin A-based photopigment with a 480nm. Electrophysiological... 

An emerging group of antidepressant interventions comprises several hormones that have been shown to have mood-elevating or mood-modulating effects (see Halbreich, Chapter 17, in this volume). This group includes mostly cortisol suppressors, thyroid hormones, estrogen, and other steroids. However, more recently several other hormones, such as melatonin and oxytocin, were proclaimed as players in the field, but their place is still to be claimed. 

Potentized homeopathic medicines have preferential action on sides of the body some are more effective on one side than on the other. This differential effect of the medicines with respect to laterality can be traced to functional asymmetry of the human brain. The brain can asymmetrically modulate nurochemical, neuroendocrine and immune reactivity. Potentized drugs are very often selected on the basis of time modalities of symptoms of a disease. The time modalities of the drug action can be correlated with the internal clock or biological rhythms of organisms which are disturbed in diseased conditions. Melatonin, secreted in the brain, has marked influence on the circadian rhythms. 

The G-protein coupled receptors modulate intracellular cAMP level, which plays a crucial role in epidermal barrier homeostasis.5 Increase of intracellular cAMP in epidermal keratinocytes by topical application of forskolin delays barrier recovery, while cAMP antagonists accelerate the barrier recovery. Activation of dopamine 2-like receptors (manuscript in preparation), melatonin receptors, or serotonin receptor (type 5-HT1) decreases intracellular cAMP and consequently accelerates the barrier recovery (Figure 15.1), while activation of adrenergic 32 receptors increases intracellular cAMP and delays the barrier repair.6 Barrier disruption induces an increase of the intracellular cAMP level. Thus, topical application of agonists of receptors that reduce intracellular cAMP accelerates the barrier repair. Our results are summarized in Table. 15.1. 

Zahn PK, Lansmann T, Berger E, Speckmann EJ, Musshoff U (2003) Gene expression and functional characterisation of melatonin receptors in the spinal cord of the rat implications for pain modulation. J Pineal Res 35 24-31... 

Melatonin is involved in modulating learning and memory processing, and also exerts neuroprotection against Ap-induced injury [548]. Neu-Pll (piromelatine, N-(2-(5-methoxy-lH-indol-3-yl) ethyl)-4-oxo-4H-pymn-2-carboxamide) is a novel melatonin (MT1/... 

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