Medical innovation

Every few decades a medical innovation is perfected that profoundly influences the practice of medicine. Widespreadvaccinationagainstcommoninfectious agents and the discovery of antibiotics serve as two such examples. Many scientists now believe that the potential of nucleic-acid- and cell-based technologies rivals even the most significant medical advances achieved to date. 

The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, UK Mitchell J. Frederick Department of Head and Neck Surpfcry, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA Rossella Galli Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Thomas M. Grogan Medical Innovation, Ventana Medical Systems, Inc, Tucson,... 

Boye Schnack Nielsen Bioneer A/S, Horsholm, Denmark Hiroaki Nitta Medical Innovation, Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ, USA... 

These huge mortality and morbidity rates can be dramatically reduced by reforming the way we offer incentives to and reward the development of new medical treatments - preventive (vaccines) or remedial. Here 1 sketch a concrete, feasible, and politically realistic reform plan that would give medical innovators stable and reliable financial incentives to address the medical conditions of the poor. Adopting this plan would not... 

Given such large investment costs and risks, very little innovative pharmaceutical research would take place in a free market system. The reason is that an innovator would bear the full cost of its failures, but would be unable to profit from its successes because competitors would copy or retro-engineer its invention (effectively free-riding on its effort) and then drive down the price close to the marginal cost of production. This is a classic instance of market failure leading to a collectively irrational (Pareto-suboptimal) outcome in which medical innovation is undersupplied by the market. 

Gluten in Foods Colorimetric Monoclonal Antibody ELISA Method Medical Innovations Ltd. Cortecs Diagnostics Transia SA 991.19 132... 

Emergency Military Tourniquet (Delfi Medical Innovations, Inc., Vancouver, Canada). 

Pinkerton G. Miniaturized electronics driving medical innovation. Medical Device Diagnostic Industry, March 2003. 

Economic Aspects of Biotechnologies related to Human Health Part II Biotechnology, Medical Innovation and the Economy The Key Relationships, by Working Party on Biotechnology, OECD, DSTI/STP/BIO(98)8/FINAL 09 Nov 1998. Available at www.oecd.org. 

The metabolism of ascorbic acid has yet to be clarified. Only one of the major water-soluble urinary metabolites of ascorbic acid has been isolated and characterized the others and the matabolic pathways involved are yet to be defined. When these pathways and their intermediates are understood, there will be good possibilities for significant nutritional and medical innovation. 

Williams D. The critical path to medical innovation. Med Device Technol. 2004 15 8-10. 

The Progress Freedom Foundation. 1996. Advancing Medical Innovation Health, Safety and the Role of... 

J.S. Coleman, E. Katz and H. Menzel, Medical Innovation A Diffusion Study, Bobbs-MerriU Co Inc, Indianapolis, Ind, 1966. 

Cholestech Corp. (Hayward, CA) (Inverness Medical Innovations Incorporated) Diagnostic tools and immediate risk assessment and therapeutic monitoring of heart disease, diabetes, and other chronic diseases... 

Engineers play a major role in designing new devices and products in cooperation with medical doctors. Many treatments and devices we take for granted now did not even exist a decade ago. It is important that we do not take this for granted. It takes dedicated engineers and scientists to keep developing new medical innovations. 

Schlich, T, Trohler, U., The Risks of Medical Innovation Risk Perception and Assessment in Historical Context, Routledge, New York, 2006. 

In addition to these authors, there is a fairly extensive literature on Fernel, much of which is cited in Nancy Siraisi, Giovanni Argenterio and Sixteenth-Century Medical Innovation Between Princely Patronage and Academic Controversy, Osiris, id ser. 6 (1990) 161—180 see p. 161, n. I. See also Linda Deer Richardson, TTie Generation of Disease OccultCausesandDiseasesof the Total Substance, in The Medical Renaissance of the Sixteenth Century (Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. 175-194. 

Siraisi, Nancy. Giovanni Argenterio and Sixteenth-Century Medical Innovation Between Princely Patronage and Academic Controversy Osiris, 2nd ser., 6 (1990) 161-180. 

Barbera-Tomas, D., and D. Consoli, "Whatever works Uncertainty and technological hybrids in medical innovation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 79(5), pp. 932-948, 2012. 

The fields of biomedical engineering and bionics focus on improving health, particularly after injury or illness, with better rehabilitation, medications, innovative treatments, enhanced diagnostic tools, and preventive medicine. 

An overwhelming majority of American physicians identified computed tomography (CT) and MRI as the most important medical innovations for improving patient care during the 1990 s. 

BENEFITS. Some of the recoveries that were brought about by TPN have been so remarkable that one eminent physician has ranked the development of this procedure on a par with other great medical innovations such as anesthesia, antiseptics, and antibiotics. What TPN has done is to demonstrate very dramatically the pivotal role played by nutrition in healing. Typical benefits of TPN follow ... 

---