Medical imaging devices

Composite Devices. Composites made of active-phase PZT and polymer-matrix phase are used for the hydrophone and medical imaging devices (see Composite materials, polymer-matrix Imaging technology). A usehil figure of merit for hydrophone materials is the product of hydrostatic strain coefficient dj and hydrostatic voltage coefficient gj where gj is related to the dj coefficient by (74)... 

Someday, the new warm superconductors will be used to replace conventional conductors in anything electric or electronic—computers, transmission lines, the magnets in medical imaging devices, generators in a car, a factory, spaceship, or a hydroelectric dam. All kinds of switches and sensors, is the way Donna Fitzpatrick of the Department of Energy puts it. 

There is a widespread application of germanium, although in small quantities (1000 tons/year), in the electronics industry, in the preparation of alloys, in the optical industry, as a catalyst, and in medical imaging devices. It is mainly obtained from flue dusts of zinc smelters or as a byproduct from the combustion of certain coals [7]. 

Gamma camera (Hal Anger) Nuclear medicine pioneer Anger creates the first prototype for the gamma camera. This leads to the inventions of other medical imaging devices, which detect and dis nose disease. 

Ferroelectric—polymer composite devices have been developed for large-area transducers, active noise control, and medical imaging appHcations. North American Philips, Hewlett-Packard, and Toshiba make composite medical imaging probes for in-house use. Krautkramer Branson Co. produces the same purpose composite transducer for the open market. NTK Technical Ceramics and Mitsubishi Petrochemical market ferroelectric—polymer composite materials (108) for various device appHcations, such as a towed array hydrophone and robotic use. Whereas the composite market is growing with the invention of new devices, total unit volume and doUar amounts are small compared to the ferroelectric capacitor and ferroelectric—piezoelectric ceramic markets (see Medical imaging technology). 

Composites having 1-3 connectivity are successfully exploited in sonar ( sound navigation and ranging ), medical imaging technologies, NDT, etc. Important matters crucial to the satisfactory functioning of a 1-3 composite are briefly summarized below where, to illustrate the ideas, it is assumed the composite is operating as a sonar device, that is under hydrostatic conditions. The subject matter is discussed in detail by W.A. Smith [16]. 

Like the light pen, the joystick is a two-dimensional pick device. The Gamma-11 system used a joystick to indicate regions of interest for medical images. 

Nowadays, nuclear medicine has become an indispensible section of medical science, and the production of radionuclides and labelled compounds for application in nuclear medicine is an important branch of nuclear and radiochemistry. The development of radionuclide generators made short-lived radionuclides available at any time for medical application. New imaging devices, such as single photon emission tomography (SPET) and positron emission tomography (PET) made it possible to study local biochemical reactions and their kinetics in the living human body. 

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