Mechanical properties of rubber

Poor mechanical properties of rubber products may also be due to matrix separation [257], Just as in other systems, separation gives rise to cavities and initiates failure. These processes prevail in systems with poor adhesion and become more probable with the increasing filler modulus. 

Li, S., Lamminmaki, J., and Hanhi, K., Improvement of mechanical properties of rubber compounds using waste rubber/virgin rubber, Polym. Eng. Sci., 45, 1239, 2005. 

An instrument for measuring the mechanical properties of rubbers in relation to their use as materials for the absorption and isolation of vibration. These properties are resilience, modulus (static and dynamic), kinetic energy, creep and set. The introduction of an improved version has recently been announced. 

ZnCFO at the contents 5,0 phr promotes to formation of morphological structure of compositions with the minimal particles size of heterophase, that is realized in the improvement of physical-mechanical properties of rubbers. 

Detonation and Mechanical Properties of Rubber Bonded Sheet Explosives are discussed by W. Kegler R. Schall in the 4thONRSympDeton (1965), pp 496-501... 

Phillips Petroleum in the United States [23] developed a propellant composed of ammonium nitrate as oxidant and rubber as a combustible and binding agent. The rubber consists of synthetic rubber and such typical rubber ingredients as carbon black (to improve the mechanical properties of rubber), an accelerator and an inhibitor (to prevent oxidation). To endow the rubber with sufficient plasticity... 

Mechanical properties of rubber-modified epoxy resins depend on the extent of mbber-phase separation and on the morphological features of the mbber phase. Dissolved mbber causes plastic deformation and necking at low strains, but does not result in impact toughening. The presence of mbber particles is a necessary but not sufficient condition for achieving impact resistance. Optimum properties are obtained with materials comprising both dissolved and phase-separated mbber (305). 

Reactive intermediates may be captured when working with very high dilution of a reactant, in nonaqueous solvents and at a low temperature. It should be emphasized that at the reaction of ozone with polydienes, the main chain of a macromolecule is broken down ultimately at the site of the original double bond which leads to the deterioration of mechanical properties of rubbers. 

The last few years have seen the extensive use of nanoparticles because of the small size of the filler and the corresponding increase in the surface area, allowing to achieve the required mechanical properties at low filler loadings. Nanometer-scale particles including spherical particles such as silica or titanium dioxide generated in-situ by the sol-gel process (4-8), layered silicates (9-12), carbon (13) or clay fibers(14,15), single-wall or multiwall carbon nanotubes (16,17) have been shown to significantly enhance the physical and mechanical properties of rubber matrices. 

Figure 25.17 Dynamic mechanical properties of rubber-modified S-Bh-S S/DPE(30)...

Other materials commonly added to vulcanized rubber are plasticizer agents, such as stearic acid or other long chain fatty acids, waxes, long chain hydrocarbons, etc. Also a significant amount of carbon black, some mineral oxides (ZnO), etc. are added to modify the mechanical properties of rubber. 

Chapters 8 and 9 consider the mechanical properties of rubber- and ceramic-particle toughened-epoxy materials. The importance of rubber cavitation is highlighted in Chapter 8. It is well known that this mechanism can relieve the high degree of triaxiality at a crack tip in the material and enable subsequent plastic hole growth of the epoxy resin, which is a major toughening mechanism. We return to rigid particles in Chapter 9, which examines their use to increase the thermal shock resistance of epoxy resins. 

Improvement of Mechanical Properties. The most important application of SAS, and one of the oldest, is the control of the mechanical properties of rubber. SAS are important additives for both styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and natural rubber (NR), second in importance only to carbon black (51, 52). Figure 5 demonstrates the increase in tensile strength at room temperature for silicone rubber with various reinforcing fillers and kieselguhr. An improvement is also brought about in the mechanical strength of fluoroelastomers and other special kinds of rubber (51). Table VI summarizes the improvements that may be achieved in other fields. 

Only a part of the mechanical properties of rubbers is considered in this chapter in order to get a full knowledge on these properties of rubbers, and on how to determine these properties, we refer to the excellent book cited as Reference [1]. 

Looks at ways to relate the mechanical properties of rubber under dynamic conditions to the state of cure... 

Because of their typical properties in terms of mechanics, measuring the mechanical properties of rubber is of great concern. These are determined not only nnder static conditions bnt also under dynamic conditions, with the in-phase and ont-of-phase modulus. 

PROPERTIES OF SPECIAL INTEREST In general, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) provide the mechanical properties of rubber in combination with the processing characteristics of plastics recyclable Kraton D s are the lowest cost TPE (> 0.85 Ib ). 

IRei Reincke, K., Grellmaim, W. Mechanical and fracture mechanics properties of rubber corn-positions with reinforcing components. In GaUmberti, M. (ed.) Rubber-clay nanocom-posites Science, technology and applications. John Wiley Sons, First Edition, 2011, 305-342, ISBN 178-0-470-56210-9. 

For the Appendix we could not find a role for SEC in the quality control of rubber production processes despite its technological importance. Furthermore, we expect that much work on the correlation between SEC analysis and mechanical properties of rubbers is in development. 

Table 1. Mechanical properties of rubber compounds with S2 and S4 silanes. ...

Gonzalez, L, Eguiazabal, J. L, and Nazabal, J. 2005. Compatibilization level effects on the structure and mechanical properties of rubber-modified polyamide-6/clay nanocomposites. Journal of Polymer Science Part B-Polymer Physics 43 3611-3620. 

Figure 18.17 Dosage effects of ZnO on mechanical properties of rubber.

Effects of Macro- and Nanofillers on Mechanical Properties of Rubber Composites... 

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