Clay fibers

There also exist complex temporary destabilization processes of colloidal solutions. For instance almost all electroneutral polymers can cause a destabilization of an originally asymmetric systems. One example is a mixture of a clay, fibers and noncharged PEO (polyethyleoxide [62]), where both type of colloids are negatively charged. If PEO is added to only clay it adsorbs, while if PEO is added to only fibers it does not adsorb at all. In a study by van de Ven et al. [63], it was shown that in the mixture clay and PEO deposited on the fibers for several hours and the complexes initially... 

The last few years have seen the extensive use of nanoparticles because of the small size of the filler and the corresponding increase in the surface area, allowing to achieve the required mechanical properties at low filler loadings. Nanometer-scale particles including spherical particles such as silica or titanium dioxide generated in-situ by the sol-gel process (4-8), layered silicates (9-12), carbon (13) or clay fibers(14,15), single-wall or multiwall carbon nanotubes (16,17) have been shown to significantly enhance the physical and mechanical properties of rubber matrices. 

In the work reported by Chang et al. [20], they observed that drawing PET/clay fiber could enhance the dispersion of clay in the polymer. In the XRD pattern they showed, a d-spacing of 17.25 A is observed before drawing and the characteristic peak of day disappeared after drawing. This demonstrates that a good dispersion of day has been achieved. 

Nylon apparel Nylon bearings Nylon blends Nylon-cellulose Nylon-clay hybrid Nylon-cotton Nylon-cotton blends Nylon engineering Nylon fibers Nylon hollow fibers Nylon-6,1 [25722-07-0]... 

Chemical binders are appHed to webs in amounts ranging from about 5 to 60 wt %. In some instances when clays (qv) or other weight additives ate included, add-on levels can approach or even exceed the weight of the web. Waterborne binders ate appHed by spray, saturation, print, and foam methods. A general objective of each method is to apply the binder material in a manner sufficient to interlock the fibers and provide chemical and mechanical properties sufficient for the intended use of the fabfic. 

Modem practice is to maintain the white water system as closed as possible, ie, as much water as is compatible with efficient machine operation is recycled. The loss of fibers and inert furnish components, particularly clay, has been gready reduced. Eiber losses, however, stiU occur into the white water, and greater economy of operation may be achieved if these fibers could be recovered. Thus, it is common to design a fiber-recovery system into the white water cycle. The three general types of save-all fiber recovery are based on filtration (qv), dotation (qv), and sedimentation (qv). If these are operated efficiendy, the net fiber loss can be less than 1%. 

Other Shingle Products. Making up about 20% of the steep market are wood shingles and shakes, concrete and clay tiles, natural and mineral fiber slates, and various styles of metal products (34). 

The addition of an a-hydroxycarboxyhc acid to a tetraethylene, propylene, diethjiene, or hexylene glycol titanate gives water-soluble complexes suitable for gelling aqueous solutions of hydroxyl polymers, such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), or cellulose (qv) derivatives. These are useful as binding agents for glass fibers, clays (qv), and paper coatings (85). 

Other. Vinyl acetate resins are useful as antishrinking agents for glass fiber-reinforced polyester mol ding resins (165). Poly(vinyl acetate)s are also used as binders for numerous materials, eg, fibers, leather (qv), asbestos, sawdust, sand, clay, etc, to form compositions that can be shaped with heat and pressure. Joint cements, taping compounds, caulks, and fillers are other uses. 

Adhesives for paper tubes, paperboard, cormgated paperboard, and laminated fiber board are made from dispersions of clays suspended with fully hydrolyzed poly(vinyl alcohol). Addition of boric acid improves wet tack and reduces penetration into porous surfaces (312,313). The tackified grades have higher solution viscosity than unmodified PVA and must be maintained at pH 4.6—4.9 for optimum wet adhesion. 

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