Measuring Safety Culture

Step 1 Determine Safety Culture Review Assessment Framework 

As with all assessments, the assessment goals and objectives should be discussed, defined, and agreed with senior leaders. Then the evalnation criteria should be defined into a safety culture review assessment framework. Each of the safety culture puzzle elements defined earlier can be nsed as the baseline of the safety culture review assessment framework. Yon can snbdivide each of the elements into detailed evaluation criteria. 

The SMS is central to any healthy safety culture in an organization. The discussion of how to review an SMS is discussed earlier in Section 4.2, and that material can 

Stroi blame culture No trust in the organization This is also ill al 

Respond to safety issues when they occur Few safety programs or activities in place Safety actions are disjointed and not coordinated 

---

Another way of measuring safety culture is simply to ask people through the use of strucmred surveys. Such surveys typically ask participants to answer a series of questions on a 5-point Likert scale ... 

Filho et al. (2010) developed a framework to measure safety culture in the Brazilian oil and gas companies. They applied a five level safety culture maturity model (e.g., pathological, reactive, bureaucratic, proactive and sustainable) using five dimensions (e.g., information, organizational learning, involvement, communication and commitment) to identify current state of safety practices in petrochemical companies. 

Developed a five level maturity model to measure safety culture in the Brazilian oil and gas companies Reviews the effect of demand amplification in the supply chain and also proposes a seven step process to eliminate it Proposed methodological framework to develop focused demand chain strategy for each cluster of product commercialized by a company... 

Flin, R. 2007. Measuring safety culture in healthcare Acase for accurate diagnosis. 

Various safety culture tools and approaches have been adapted from other industries and tailored to measure safety culture in healthcare organisations. These include safety culture measurement tools, safety walk rounds and checklists which aim to standardise patient care and improve reliability. So how have safety culture tools been adapted and implemented in healthcare organisations What lessons have we leamt so far that could inform future work in this area ... 

The need for a valid and reliable instrument to assess safety culture is not restricted to the United States. The AHRQ Hospital SOPS instrument has been widely adopted in over 45 countries around the world and the instmment has been translated into more than 20 languages. It has become the de-facto international survey for measuring safety culture in healthcare. While other industries such as aviation, nuclear power and petrochemicals have been interested in assessing safety culture there is neither a standard nor agreement as to what to measure. However, in healthcare, the AHRQ instmment is a standard and it has created a shared mental model of safety culture that has become almost universal in healthcare throughout the world. 

Measuring safety culture (e.g. using the Hospital Survey on Patient safety Culture, HSOPS)... 

The questionnaire was piloted with a sample of air traffic controllers, engineers and managers from four ANSPs (different from those already canvassed) from across Europe in 2007 and 2008. In order to test the validity of the siuvey instrament, its construct validity (to ensure it was measuring safety culture and not something else), both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) statistical techniques were applied (Gerbing and Hamilton 1996). 

Kirwan, B., Meams, K., Jackson, J., Reader, T., Leone, M., Kilner, A., Wennenberg, A. and Grace-Kelly, E. 2010. Measuring Safety Culture in European Air Traffic Management. Paper to PSAM 10, Seattle, Washington, USA, 7-11 June 2010. 

Thus, there is already a continuing attempt to define, improve and measure safety culture. Yet, even with increased awareness and improved... 

Questions and answers. This is a subcategory of the structured alphanumeric data but because it has special relevance to health and safety it is dealt with separately. Packages for active monitoring, audit, attitude surveys and measuring safety culture accept these types of data. 

---