Measuring-kettle

Temperature in base thermostat Temperature in intermediate thermostat Temperature in measuring kettle... [Pg.1]

Temperature in measuring kettle prior to start of reaction at time... [Pg.1]

Temperature of flowing reaction mix from tank reactor to on-line calorimeter at end of inlet pipe, just entering measuring kettle Temporally fluctuating temperature of tank reactor Temperature of superheated fluid within pipe coil installed in measuring kettle... [Pg.1]

Set temperature within measuring kettle of Regenass calorimeter Fractional conversion (Np-Nj)INjo, simply called conversion of reaction... [Pg.1]

Time constant of heat exchange between measuring kettle and thermostat... [Pg.2]

Mean density of filling in measuring kettle consisting of components of different densities... [Pg.2]

Mean residence time of reaction mass in flow measuring kettle Angular velocity... [Pg.2]

To record the rate q of heat release by a chemical reaction (thermal reaction power) under strictly isothermal condition in the measuring-kettle of a calorimeter, the apparatus must be able... [Pg.7]

The base thermostat displays the lowest constant temperature Ts, the intermediate thermostat the medium temperature Ts + ATi, and the measuring kettle the highest temperature T + AT] + AT2. [Pg.9]

From the measuring kettle heat flows to the intermediate thermostat and from there to the base thermostat. In controlled equilibrium, the following applies with respect to the balance of heat power ... [Pg.9]

The bearing arrangement of the stirrer within the measuring kettle does not become soiled by the reaction mixture or vapour, i.e. the stirrer loss momentum remains constant, (ccaiststL)... [Pg.10]

The reason and the necessity for using an intermediate thermostat in addition to the measuring kettle to estimate the exact thermal reaction power q t) appears to the naked eye as follows. [Pg.11]

Equation (2.5) shows the only thing that the solely course of the electric heat power Px t) in the measuring kettle versus time does not allow for the estimation of the thermal reaction power q t) It can be determined only when the course of a reference power, the baseline Pb(0> is known. The intermediate thermostat contributes essentially to its registration. [Pg.12]

To maintain ATz = const, the partial changes in the total change in the heating power in the measuring kettle following the start of the reaction from their values prior to the start of reaction 6p2 must be... [Pg.12]

Equal to the change in heat flow out of the measuring kettle by a change in heat transfer following the start of reaction 6(k F AT2... [Pg.12]

By a change in the heat-transfer coefficient (k F) of the measuring kettle. [Pg.13]

In the first case is enlarged by the amount of increased heat flow from the measuring kettle into the intermediate thermostat 8 k F)2 AT2, ... [Pg.13]

Because of the construction of the TKR, which inhibits a direct view into the reaction chamber, it is impossible to follow visually special events within the measuring kettle (e.g. phase inversion, precipitation) in a simple way, but knowledge of these special events often constitutes important information for chemists. Suitable devices, such as fiberscope endoscope, may allow one to view the reaction chamber. [Pg.14]

Therefore, in the case of a non-compact calorimeter (Fig. 2.11), tmly a part of the intermediate thermostat encloses the measuring kettle in the form of a hollow jacket. This hollow jacket is connected to the central part of the intermediate thermostat by a thermally insulated pipeline. The central part of the intermediate thermostat is immersed in the base thermostat. The thermostat liquid circulates turbulently via a pipeline through the hollow jacket and lid. For reactions under a pressure of up to 10 bar, the measuring kettle with a hollow jacket consists of glass (Fig. 2.12). A simple visual observation of the reaction mixture is possible. [Pg.14]

Using special heater systems (lead, heating section, lead with resistance ratio 1/400/1 Philips Eindhoven) with virtually no thermal inertia and DC power supplies, both the released heating powers p2 in the measuring kettle and pi in the immediate thermostat are obtained in Watts multiplied by the intensities of the current lyi [A] and voltage Uyi [V] of the heaters by means of a multiplier unit. [Pg.22]

Material of measuring kettle/intermediate thermostat Glass, HC4, V4A... [Pg.23]

In the case of a non-isothermal reaction, the temperature within the measuring kettle changes during the reaction run. There are three characteristic modes of change in temperature... [Pg.30]

Induced change in temperature within the thermally open measuring kettle. [Pg.30]

Change in temperature caused by the reaction itself within the measuring kettle opaque to heat. [Pg.30]

Induced Change in Temperature Within Thermally Open Measuring Kettle (Temperature Program)... [Pg.30]

Figure 2.25 shows a flowchart of the apparatus the control system R2 changes the temperature of the measuring kettle T2 in such a way that it corresponds correctly to the set temperature T p(f) of the programming unit, 72 = 7p, despite heat release due to the reaction. [Pg.30]

The temperature of the intermediate thermostat is maintained as constant as is, for that reason, the temperature difference T — T by means of the control system R1, which controls the heating power pi. The heat balances of the measuring kettle respectively intermediate thermostat are... [Pg.31]

The first parenthetic expression is constant because (k F)i and psn are independent of the chemical conversion in the measuring kettle. The difference Ti — Ts) is maintained as constant by the control system Rl. Therefore, the equation for the thermal reaction power is obtained as... [Pg.31]

Instead of the temperature T2 of the measuring kettle, the temperature Ts of the base thermostat is adjusted to the temperature programme = rp(f), and now the... [Pg.33]

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