McMurray formation

Materials. Samples of dewatered crude oils were obtained from the Athabasca oil sands of the McMurray formation by extraction using the commercial hot water process (Suncor Inc.) the Bl uesky-Bu11 head formation at Peace River, Alberta by solvent extraction of produced fluids the Clearwater formation at Cold Lake, Alberta by solvent extraction of core material and the Karamay formation in Xing-Jiang, China. A summary of the physical and chemical properties of the crude oils, including chemical composition, and density-temperature and viscosity-temperature relationships, is given in Table I. 

Drilling to the base of the McMurray formation a series of production and injection wells in some suitable pattern. These wells are cased such that injection or production of fluids takes place only at or near the bottom of the tar-sand interval. 

Carrigy, M. A. Geology of the McMurray Formation Part III, General Geology of the McMurray Area Memoir 1 Research Council of Alberta Edmonton, Canada, 1959. 

Tailings Mineralogy. Tailings minerals consist of sand, clays, amorphous oxides, and trace metals. The sand is 97.5-99% Si02, 0.5-0.9% Al203, and 0.1-0.9% Fe (4, 27, 28). The oil sands, and hence the clay minerals found in the fine tails suspension, come from the McMurray Formation. The majority of clays in this formation are kaolinite and illite with traces of smectites, chlorite, vermiculite, and mixed-layer clays (5, 29). The upper McMurray Formation has a larger amount of smectites, whereas the lower McMurray Formation has larger amounts of vermiculite and mixed-layer clays. However, in both areas, kaolinite and illite are still the predominant clay minerals (5). 

A breakdown of the mineral compositions of a typical oil sand, overburden clay layers in the McMurray Formation, and the MFT are given in Figure 10. The figure shows that kaolinite and illite dominate the clay fraction in all of these materials, with smectites generally found only in the overburden and in intercalated clay lenses in the oil sands. The amounts and types of clay minerals found in tailings ponds vary considerably, but assays of tailings pond MFT show mostly kaolinite and illite (30-32). Montmorillonite has been reported in the Suncor MFT... 

Even the contact between natural waters and exposed oil sands with erosion through the McMurray Formation will result in the release of low background levels into the waters of the area. In Figure 35(a), the results for water samples taken from the main stem Athabasca River (upstream, within and below the main oil sands deposit around Fort McMurray, in northeastern Alberta) and several tributaries in the deposit area, show low but measurable levels of naphthenic acids being observed. When compared to the levels of naphthenates found in the process waters and those influenced by them, the levels present in the process-affected waters are much higher. As one proceeds from the extraction tailings, to the tailings... 

McMurray, P. H. and J. C. Wilson, Droplet Phase (Heterogeneous) and Gas Phase (Homogeneous) Contributions to Secondary Ambient Aerosol Formation As Functions of Relative Humidity, Atmos. Environ.. 

McMurray [151] has described the acid-assisted cleavage of the N]-C4 bond in trans 4-hydroxyphenyl p-lactams. The ring opening reaction may proceed with concomitant reduction or formation of carbon-carbon coupling products, as a function of the reagent employed. For instance, Scheme 60, treatment of 196 with 4 equivalents of triethylsilane in neat trifluoroacetic acid led to compound 197. On the contrary, treatment with anisole in trifluoroacetic acid led to compound 198. Unfortunately, no data are provided by authors regarding process yield or final diastereomeric ratio. 

In Canada, the town of McMurray, about 240 miles north-north-east of Edmonton, Alberta lies at the eastern margin of the largest accumulation in the world There are, in effect, three major accumulations within the Lower Cretaceous deposits. The McMurray-Wabasca reservoirs are found toward the base of the formation and the deposit dips at between 5 ft and 25 ft per mile (1.5 m and 8 m per mile) to the south-west. The Bluesky-Gething sands overlie several unconformities between the Mississippian and Jurassic deposits. 

JoUy, C.A., Jiang, Y.H., Chapkin, R.S., and McMurray, DJ4. (1997) Dietary (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Suppress Murine LymphoproUferation, Interleukin-2 Secretion, and the Formation of Diacylglycerol and Ceramide, /. Nutr. 127,37-43. 

Carrigy, M.A. Criteria for Differentiating the McMurray and Clearwater Formations in the Athabasca Oil Sands Bulletin 14, Research Council of Alberta Edmonton, 1963. 

BOhm S, Greef R, McMurray HN, Powell SM, Worsley Da (2000) Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies of Rare Earth-Rich Protective Film Formation Using In Situ Elhpsometry , Journal Electrochemical Society, 147, 9, 3286-3292. 

Bohm, S., Qreef, R., McMurray, H.N., Powell, S.M., and Worsley, D.A., Kinetic and mechanistic studies of rare earth-rich protective film formation using in situ ellipsometry. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2000. 147(9) 3286-3293. 

Ennico et al. (2002) Large Format Si As IBC Array Performance for NGST and Future IR Space Telescope Applications by K. Ennico, M. McKelvey, C. McCreight, R. McMurray, Jr., R. Johnson, A. Hoffman, P. Love, and N. Lum, Proc. SPIE 4850, 890-901. 

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