Maxim Pharmaceuticals

While efficiency dictates that different prices are charged in different markets, observable price differentials are not always due to reasons of economic efficiency or profit-maximization. Pharmaceutical prices are widely subject to nation-specific government regulation and a host of other factors. Bale (1998) provides a comprehensive review of potential reasons for price differences across countries. These include differences in such factors as IPR regimes, product liability laws, inflation rates, exchange rates, governmental price controls, per capita income, and regulatory systems. 

Steven Shijnn Ren / Maxim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California, US.A. 

If other proteins don t interfere, the use of cell-permeable substrates allows these types of readouts to be obtained in whole cells as well, an example of this being a cell-permeable rhodamine-based substrate researchers at Maxim Pharmaceuticals used to find inducers of apoptosis (programmed cell death), which involves activation of another type of proteolytic enzyme, caspase-3. ... 

Use Algorithms and Physical Ideas to Maximize Transferability Case Study Technology Platform at Vitae Pharmaceuticals... 

Propene is an intermediate utilized in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The partial oxidation of propene on cuprous oxide (CU2O) yields acrolein as a thermodynamically imstable intermediate, and hence has to be performed under kinetically controlled conditions [37]. Thus in principle it is a good test reaction for micro reactors. The aim is to maximize acrolein selectivity while reducing the other by-products CO, CO2 and H2O. Propene may also react directly to give these products. The key to promoting the partial oxidation at the expense of the total oxidation is to use the CU2O phase and avoid having the CuO phase. 

Influencing the efficacy or potency of chemicals is a strategy used by the pharmaceutical industry as part of the drug discovery process that can be incorporated into designing safer industrial chemicals. Efficacy is the maximal effect, either therapeutic or toxic, that a chemical can achieve. Potency is a measure of the amount of a substance that is needed to attain a given response level. Opioid analgesics are examples of where structural modifications have been used to establish a relationship between structure and activity. ... 

The pharmaceutical industry directs considerable effort toward maximizing the usefulness and reliability of oral dosage forms in an effort to minimize the need for parenteral administration. Factors that... 

Regardless of the flux mechanism, it is clear upon examination of permeability expressions that flux is proportional to the concentration differential across the total barrier to mass transport. This flux is maximal in a given system for a permeant when the penetrating agent is present in the applied phase in a saturated state. There are many situations of pharmaceutical interest where this solubility... 

Callejon and Ortiin37 discuss the social utility of pharmaceuticals, an allocation criterion introduced by the Law on Pharmaceuticals for public financing or insurance. They defend an extended concept of welfare whereby the variable to be maximized is health, which depends on health services and other factors. The benefits of the pharmaceutical alternative are not only therapeutic... 

Supported metal catalysts are used in a large number of commercially important processes for chemical and pharmaceutical production, pollution control and abatement, and energy production. In order to maximize catalytic activity it is necessary in most cases to synthesize small metal crystallites, typically less than about 1 to 10 nm, anchored to a thermally stable, high-surface-area support such as alumina, silica, or carbon. The efficiency of metal utilization is commonly defined as dispersion, which is the fraction of metal atoms at the surface of a metal particle (and thus available to interact with adsorbing reaction intermediates), divided by the total number of metal atoms. Metal dispersion and crystallite size are inversely proportional nanoparticles about 1 nm in diameter or smaller have dispersions of 100%, that is, every metal atom on the support is available for catalytic reaction, whereas particles of diameter 10 nm have dispersions of about 10%, with 90% of the metal unavailable for the reaction. 

Managing R D Uncertainty and Maximizing the Commercial Potential of Pharmaceutical Compounds Using the Dynamic Modeling... 

For the accumulated costs and resources devoted to the development of a new chemical entity (NCE) or new molecular entity (NME) to make sense financially, the commercial potential of the compound must be evaluated in a rigorous manner. Compounds whose expected financial performance does not warrant these high investment costs must be abandoned or out-licensed as soon as possible so as to direct resources toward more profitable endeavors. By operating effectively, a well-designed drug discovery and development process can focus its efforts to operate efficiently on the compounds that will maximize cash flow to the pharmaceutical firm. 

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