Materials science topics

In modern materials science topics of high interest are surface structures on small (nanometer-length) scales and phase transitions in adsorbed surface layers. Many interesting effects appear at low temperatures, where quantum effects are important, which have to be taken into account in theoretical analyses. In this review a progress report is given on the state of the art of (quantum) simulations of adsorbed molecular layers. 

National Institute of Standards and Technology — Under its Standard Reference Data program, NIST supports a number of data centers in chemistry, physics, and materials science. Topics covered include thermodynamics, fluid properties, chemical kinetics, mass spectroscopy, atomic spectroscopy, fundamental physical constants, ceramics, and crystallography. Address Office of Standard Reference Data, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 [www.nist.gov/srd/]. 

Peter Fratzl s lab studies the relation between (hierarchical) stmcture and mechanical behavior of biological materials, such as mineralized tissues, extracellular matrix, or plant cell walls, as well as bio-inspired composite materials. This is complemented by medically oriented research on osteoporosis and bone r eneration. Fratzl has published more than 350 papers in journals and books, mostly on interdisciplinary materials science topics. He received several international awards for his work including the Max Planck Research Award 2008 from the Humboldt Foundation (together with Robert Langer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)) and the Leibniz Award 2010 of the German Science Foundation. In 2010, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Montpellier, France, and since 2007 he has been foreign member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. 

Q. Zhu, A. R. Oganov and X.-F. Zhou, Crystal Structue Prediction and its applications to Earth and Materials Sciences, Topics in Current Chemisty, Springer Verlag, 2014. 

Topics in Materials Science vol 7, ed E Kaldis (Amsterdam North-Holland) p 69... 

The definition above is a particularly restrictive description of a nanocrystal, and necessarily limits die focus of diis brief review to studies of nanocrystals which are of relevance to chemical physics. Many nanoparticles, particularly oxides, prepared dirough die sol-gel niediod are not included in diis discussion as dieir internal stmcture is amorjihous and hydrated. Neverdieless, diey are important nanoniaterials several textbooks deal widi dieir syndiesis and properties [4, 5]. The material science community has also contributed to die general area of nanocrystals however, for most of dieir applications it is not necessary to prepare fully isolated nanocrystals widi well defined surface chemistry. A good discussion of die goals and progress can be found in references [6, 7, 8 and 9]. Finally, diere is a rich history in gas-phase chemical physics of die study of clusters and size-dependent evaluations of dieir behaviour. This topic is not addressed here, but covered instead in chapter C1.1, Clusters and nanoscale stmctures, in diis same volume. 

A. Rauber, in K. Kaldis, ed.. Current Topics in Materials Science Vol. 1, North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1978, p. 481. 

The migration of one atomic species in another, in the solid state, is the archetype of a materials-science parepisteme. From small beginnings, just over a century ago, the topic has become central to many aspeets of solid-state science, with a huge dedicated literature of its own and specialised conferences attended by several hundred participants. 

In this Section, 1 shall briefly exemplify some topics that illustrate how the needs of materials science and engineering have shaped chemists approaches to synthesis and processing. 

Topics in Current Chemistry is included in Springer s eBook package Chemistry and Materials Science. If a library does not opt for the whole package the book series may be bought on a subscription basis. Also, aU back volumes are available electronically. 

If you do not have access, you can still view the table of contents of each volume and the abstract of each article by going to the SpringerLink homepage, chcking on Chemistry and Materials Science, under Subject Collection, then Book Series, under Content Type and finally by selecting Topics in Current Chemistry. 

The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modem chemical research. The scope includes all areas of chemical science, including the interfaces with related disciphnes such as biology, medicine, and materials science. 

D-TEM was introduced into rubber technology field in 2004 by the authors of this chapter [4]. In a recent review of 3D-TEM applied in materials science field [5], only two papers were cited on polymeric samples—one on block copolymers [6] and the other on rubbery composites with conventional and in situ silica [4]. Starting from the latter, 3D-TEM measurements have been carried out on rubbery nano-composites [7-16], and this recent and very important topic is described in this review. 

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