Material characteristics alloys

White golds A review of commercial material characteristics alloy design alternatives, G. Noimandeau, Gold Bulletin, 1992,25(3), 94. 

S. Bouaiicha, J.P. Dodelet, D. Guay, J. Huot, R. Schulz, Activation characteristics of graphite modified hydrogen absorbing materials, J. Alloys Compd. 325 (2001) 245-251. 

In an amorphous material, the alloy, when heated to a constant isothermal temperature and maintained there, shows a dsc trace as in Figure 10 (74). This trace is not a characteristic of microcrystalline growth, but rather can be well described by an isothermal nucleation and growth process based on the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) transformation theory (75). The transformed volume fraction at time /can be written as... 

For exterior building and construction applications, weatherability is the most important set of performance criteria that differentiates candidate PAB s. The typical applications that PAB s are specified for include exterior siding, door and window casings, and other trim components. The material systems comprise blends of styrenics such as SAN with saturated rubber such as butyl acrylate. Also used are alloys of PS and acrylate mbber. The material characteristics and design characteristics can be summarized as in Table 13.16. 

Priority tasks have been the selection of high temperature, high strength alloys and testing of candidate commercial alloys. The material characteristics investigated included creep behavior, fatigue properties, structural stability, and corrosion resistance [32]. 

This is because a majority of the published FSW literature is on aluminum alloys, which are easily friction stirred with tool steels. The advantages to using tool steel as friction stir tooling material include easy availability and machinability, low cost, and established material characteristics. References cite AISI H13 (Ref 7, 8,... 

This chapter flrst reviews the various FSW application characteristics (material thickness, alloy, etc.) and how they affect each of these technical categories (force requirements, stiffness requirements, intelligence requirements, and flexibility requirements). These application characteristics ultimately dictate the equipment... 

Hardness as resistance of a material against penetration of another body marks a decisive material characteristic. The hardness of important construction materials can be influenced or selectively set by special hardening processes. Hardening is based upon different principles, e.g., the formation of martensite in steels as a result of thermal treatment For nonferrous metals, precipitatiOTi hardening plays an important role. Alloying elements are deposited by a multilevel thermal process. Their phase boundaries and size influence the increase of hardness and stability decisively. This attribute improvement is based upon the hindrance of the motion of dislocation (Bargel and Schulze 1988). 

Vibration is a major destmctive force in many types of machinery. Vibration can lead to wear and fatigue failure of rigid materials like alloys and plastic components. The helicopter benefits from the unique flexibility and vibration dampening characteristics of elastomeric adhesives. Elastomers are used to transfer torque to the rotor blades while providing flexibility and vibration control. Rubber tires are another example of elastomeric adhesive use. Consumers have enjoyed a steady increase in the useful life expectancy of rubber tires due to improvements in adhesion between the elastomer, tire cords, and the filler. The rubber tire industry has driven a great deal of the fundamental research on elastomeric materials in engineering design. 

Since the development of the lithium-ion battery, negative electrode materials that have been investigated include graphitic carbon materials, amorphous carbon materials, nitrides, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, new alloys, nano-oxides, and other materials. Ideally, negative electrode materials should have these characteristics ... 

The Title section reveals the revision history of this AMS, the type of alloy, highlights of the material characteristics, nominal composition, and heat... 

The heat treatment process is a complex and involved process, and is alloy specific. There are many steps and stages in heat treatment, including solution treatment, annealing, stabilization, precipitation, normalization, and stress relief. Fabricators and vendors often establish their own proprietary heat treatment processes and specifications. Many heat treatment options can produce similar material characteristics of the OEM coimterpart. However, few can guarantee identical properties. For example, several heat treatment schedules will produce the same hardness number for a steel, but with different fatigue strengths. 

Besides the material based characteristics, the difference of density of the used particle/substrate combination is a very important criterion. The difference of density influences the contrast of the radiographic tests. Tungsten carbides were used as mechanically resistant particles and titanium based alloys as substrate. The substrate material is marked by an advantageous relation of strength to density. This material is often used in aeronautics, astronautics, and for modification of boundary layers. The density of tungsten carbide (15.7 g/cm ) is about 3.5 times higher than the density of titanium (4.45-4.6 g/cm ). 

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