Mass loss, calculation

Against this background the mass loss calculated from the frequency change observed in 0.01 M electrolyte is very surprising. A detailed analysis of the data... 

In Figure 10.11, represents the solution resistance, the paint film resistance, Cpf is the paint film capacitance, Q is the differential capacitance, Rp represents the polarization resistance, is the charge transfer resistance, and represents the diffusion layer resistance. The results indicated that the mass loss calculations agree with data obtained using the EIS [49]. 

FIRAC is a computer code designed to estimate radioactive and chemical source-terms as.sociaied with a fire and predict fire-induced flows and thermal and material transport within facilities, especially transport through a ventilation system. It includes a fire compartment module based on the FIRIN computer code, which calculates fuel mass loss rates and energy generation rates within the fire compartment. A second fire module, FIRAC2, based on the CFAST computer code, is in the code to model fire growth and smoke transport in multicompartment stmetures. 

Since it is often difficult to visualise the extent of attack in terms of depth from such mass-loss units as mdd, it is common practice to convert these mdd figures into others to indicate depth of penetration, i.e. inches per year (ipy), mils or mm y" . Such calculations suffer from the same defects as the mdd figures in that they take into account neither changes in corrosion rates with time nor non-uniform distribution of corrosion. However, since such conversions are often made it is desirable for the initial reporter of the test results to make the calculations accurately and to report corrosion rates in both mdd and mm y or similar units. 

Neglecting radiation losses, calculate the mass of dry air passing through the dryer and the humidity of the air leaving the dryer. 

STRATEGY If we know the mass loss, we can find the energy released by using Einstein s equation. Therefore, we must calculate the total mass of the particles on each side of the nuclear equation, take the difference, and substitute the mass difference into Eq. 6. Then we determine the number of nuclei in the sample from N = m(sample)/m(atom) and, finally, multiply the energy released from the fission of one nucleus bv that number to find the energy released by the sample. 

Rll, MM = 105.91g/ mol. Using this value, calculate mass losses and energy releases... 

Researchers in previous studies generally used lst-order kinetics to describe cellulose pyrolysis, but rarely have they examined 2nd-order kinetics. Thus, discussion of our results for untreated samples will concentrate on lst-order rate constants so that our results can be directly compared with results from prior studies. A true reaction order of cellulose pyrolysis based on TGA data is essentially meaningless, however, since mass loss involves complex competing multiple reactions (2,4,8). In addition, reaction order was calculated on a dimensionless mass value rather than on the correct but uncalculable molar concentration term. 

The NBS Cone calorimeter has been shown to be more versatile than the OSU calorimeter and to allow simultaneous measurements of a large variety of the properties required for a full assessment of fire hazard in real fires. Furthermore, it can be used to calculate combined properties, including those involving mass loss, which are much more useful as indicators of fire hazard than any individual one. 

For the assessment of flame heat flux, expected in large-scale fires, 0.10 x 0.10 m samples with edges covered tightly with heavy duty aluminum foil, were burned in 40 oxygen concentration without the external heat flux. Mass loss rate was measured and Equation (1) was used to calculate flame heat flux. 

The average rate of mass loss is calculated from the amount of mass lost and the corresponding time period. The calculations in Table I at 573 K represent the average mass loss of isothermal dehydrochlorination. Thus, the values in Table I (3.4 %/min for blue conduit, 2.9 %/min for grey conduit and 2.3 %/min for wire coating) represent a reasonable estimate of the mass loss rate of the PVC products in a fire, at a temperature not exceeding 563 K. 

After van den Hoek Groenevegen (1997), with their standard parameters, except that for Z = 0.001 the mass loss parameter t) in the Reimers (1975) formula is 1 instead of 4. The lowest block represents the overall yields contributed by intermediate-mass stars in a population governed by a Salpeter mass function between 0.1 and 120 M , calculated from the above stellar yields by Marigo (2001), to be compared with solar abundances (by mass) given in the second line. 

A pool of PMMA with a diameter of 1 m burns in air. Radiation effects are to be included. In addition to using the properties from Problem 9.1, let XT = 0.25,7f = 1500 K and k = 0.5 nC1. If it is known that the critical mass loss rate for PMMA is 4 g/m2 s, calculate the flux of water (m") needed to extinguish this fire. If instead the oxygen is reduced, at what mass fraction will extinction occur ... 

Table 1 presents the results of fractionations of the DOM. The result of mass balance calculation of the DOC system shows that more than 55 % of the total DOC was retained by XAD-8 resin column, involving the portions of Ho A and HbN/B, and DOC concentrations of the portion eluted by blackwashing (HoA) accounted for 47.4 % of total DOC, as compared with 26.25 % hydrophilic acids (HiA) of the total DOC. More than 11% of the total DOC passed through two resin columns, indicating that small molecular weight polar components were not absorbed onto by XAD-8 and XAD-4. The fractionation did cause potential loss of organic matter by permanent adsorption onto resin s polymers, which were 8.34 % for the XAD-8 resin and 6.41 % for the XAD-4 resin, respectively. 

Koistinen et al [7] present a number of graphs on the grate fluxes (W/m, s). However, no theory of the method to calculate the grate effect was described. It must be based on the measured mass loss rate. Furthermore, no plots on the combustion rate (kg/m, s) are shown. Magnitudes of the air factor is presented, but no theory of how it is determined. No uncertainty analysis is carried out and no verification method is... 

With a computer, the concentration profile can be calculated easily using the above formula. The mass loss or gain from the sheet is M(=JC6x- CqL and may be expressed as follows ... 

The bulk technique is used when measurement of concentration profile is not available. In this technique, many grains of similar size and shape are heated to and held at the desired temperature for a given duration. After the experiment, the total mass loss or gain of the component by the grains is measured. From the mass loss or gain, the diffusion coefficient is calculated. To obtain diffusivity from mass loss experiments (most Ar and He diffusivities in minerals are obtained this way), it is necessary to assume that the initial concentration of the diffusion component is uniform. It is also necessary to assume the effective shape of the diffusing grains (cf. Section 3.2.11). 

If the grains are all equal-size spheres with radius a, from the mass loss or gain, the diffusivity may be calculated using Equation 3-68f of Section 3.2.10.3 ... 

Calculate mass loss during nuclear and chemical reactions. 

Knowing 8, the rate for mass loss from or gain by the bubble can be calculated from Equation 4-157. 

Initial studies were performed with [f-Bu2GaSbEt2]2 (3). DSC studies showed 3 to decompose in two steps around 190 and 215 °C as was confirmed by TGA/DTA experiments (Fig. 12) [36]. The first mass loss of almost 37% is only slightly larger than the calculated mass loss due to the elimination of two Ga-(t-Bu) groups (34%). Between 200 and 220 °C, an additional 9% mass loss was observed. Finally, a third mass loss of about 4% takes place above 500 °C, that most likely results from some decomposition of the material formed. 

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