Masonry vaults

Card 9.9 Reinforcement of masonry vaults with carbon fiber fabrics... 

Reinforcement of masonry vaults realized by carbon fiber high-resistance/high-modulus fabrics Reinforcement of masonry vaults realized by carbon fiber high-resistance/high-modulus fabrics should follow the procedure described below ... 

Inner part of vertex Mortar from the expungement between the vault stone of the apse and rotunda aisle masonry Curd or whey... 

The church is designed as a massive masonry stmcture constracted of different types of stone in cement lime mortar (PS state). The main structural elements are the domes, the arches, the vaults, the wooden floor structures, the columns, the walls and the foundation. In order to decide on the mix design for the cement lime mortar based on the analysis of the church, three options have been adopted for it ... 

An interesting application of composite materials in the field of masonry structures concerns the reinforcement of vaults, which can be carried out over vaulted members with different geometries, such as the single or double curvature. From a static point of view, the stability of a vaulted structure is guaranteed when the curve of pressures, that is, the funicular polygon of permanent load and accidental load resting upon it, is transferred to the internal composite material of the central inertia core of each section. Until the eccentricity remains limited compared with the inertia central core. 

The same principles previously described in regards to the reinforcement of masonry members also apply for the reinforcement of masomy vaults, if they are realized at both the lower or upper surfaces. As underlined above, in the case of reinforcements arranged at the lower surface of the vaulted members, it is necessary to use mechanical connection members to the support reinforcement system in order to back idle thrusts. With a view to obtaining these mechanical members, the use of materials being intrinsically characterized by a suitable shear resistance, such as aramid or steel fabrics, are recommended, whereas the use of glass or carbon fibers is not. 

The causes of the collapse of an area of vaulting in 1284, twelve years after its construction, have been extensively debated The statics are correct but the buttresses have been made so slender that secondary effects have become important. Iron rods connecting the frames were thought to be superfluous but when removed allowed wind-induced vibrations to damage the masonry... 

At the same time it appears that Herne vaults, patterned with intersecting ribs, were made both as stone skeletons with masonry infils and as stone shells with attached ribs. 

Description at stmctural level The simplest approach related to the modeling of masonry buildings is given by the application of different stmctural elements resorting to, e.g., trass, beam, panel, plate, or shell elements to represent columns, piers, arches, and vaults, with the assumption of homogeneous (macro) material behavior. Fig. 7 illustrates various possibilities. 

Arch Box action Deep rejointing Diaphragm Dome Eoundation Grouting Masonry Mortar Repair and strengthening Stitching Ties Vault... 

Strengthening Techniques Masonry and Heritage Structures, Fig. 28 Arches, vaults, and domes... 

Strengthening Techniques Masonry and Heritage Structures, Fig. 35 Dafni Monastery steel diaphragms to be constructed on top of the system of vaults they will be covered by a timber pavement... 

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