Marine galactans

IdoA (2S)-(1 4)-a-D-GlcNS (6S). We thank Dr. Barbara Mulloy for permission to reproduce this from Ref. 383. 

Gracilaria, the a-galactose unit is l. UDP-D-Gal and GDP-L-Gal appear to be the biosynthetic glycosyl donors of the two sugar enantiomers.  

Agarose powder dissolves in water around 70 °C to give a clear solution, which on cooling forms rigid gels around 45 °C. These gels do not melt again 

The structure of the carrageenans is considered in terms of ideal disaccharide repeats, given a Greek letter, which are displayed in Table 4.3. 

Carrageenan type Sulfation positions of 3-substituted P-Gal Sulfation positions of 4-substituted a-Gal 3,6-Anhydro ring in 4-substituted a-Gal  

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Marine Galactans. Galactans, which may be sulfated or even sulfat-ed and ring closed, are made by a number of marine organisms. Most of them have mixed linkages and are discussed in Section 4.6.9.2, but a 3-O-sulfated 4-linked homo-L-galactan produced by tunicates has been characterised. ... 

Marine sulfated polysaccharides (MSPs), such as sulfated fucans (SFs), sulfated galactans (SGs), and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) isolated from invertebrate animals, are highly anionic polysaccharides capable of interacting with certain cationic proteins, such as... 

K. H. Johnston and E. L. McCandless, The immunologic response of rabbits to carrageenans, sulfated galactans extracted from marine algae, J. Immunol., 101 (1968) 556-562. 

T. A. Fenoradosoa, C. Delattre, C. Laroche, A. Wadouachi, V. Dulong, L. Picton, P. Andriamadio, and P. Michaud, Highly sulphated galactan from Haiymenia durvillei (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta), a red seaweed of Madagascar marine coast, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 45 (2009) 140-145. 

M. E. R. Duarte, D. G. Noseda, M. D. Noseda, S. Tulio, C. A. Pujol, and E. B. Damonte, Inhibitory effect of sulfated galactans from the marine alga Bostrichia montagnei on herpes simplex virus replication in vitro, Phytomedicine, 8 (2003) 53—58. 

Other anti-HSV sulphated PS included sulphated galactans from the marine alga Bostrychia montagnei [89], the red seaweed Pterocladia capillacea [90], extracts of Cryptopleura ramosa and Nothogenia fastigiata, two red seaweeds from the South American coast [91,92], and fucoidans from the brown seaweed utricularis [93]. 

Matsubara, K., Matsuura, Y., Bade, A., Liao, M. L., Hori, K., and Miyazawa, K. (2001). Anticoagulant properties of a sulfated galactan preparation from a marine green alga, Codium cylindricum. Int. ]. Biol. Macromol. 28, 395-399. 

Aquino, R.S., Landeira-Femandez, A.M., Valente, A.P., Andrade, L.R., and Mourao, P.A.S. (2005) Occurrence of sulfated galactans in marine angiosperms evolutionary implications. Glycobiology, 15, 11-20. 

Aquino, RS Landeira-Fernandez, AM Valente, AP Andrade, LR Mourao, PAS. Occurrence of sulfated galactans in marine angiosperms Evolutionary implications. Glycobiology, 2005,15,11-20. 

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