Mapping Tissue Sections

PROTEIN MAPPING ON A TISSUE SECTION BY IMS SCRAPPER KNOCKOUT (KO) ANALYSIS... 

IMS is a new, developing technique to visualize biomolecule maps in tissue. IMS has opened a new frontier in medicine as well as in clinical applications. Lipids and low-molecular-weight compounds in tissue sections cannot be observed with conventional microscopic or electron microscopic techniques therefore, no distribution map of these molecules in a tissue structure has been described in the scientific literature or in medical textbooks. However, IMS is bringing to light the characteristic distribution map of lipids (Fig. 21.11) this map made a major impact to lipid research. 

Immunocytochemical staining with antibody-gold probes is a powerful way to detect, localize, and quantify antigen molecules in tissue sections and cells (Figure 24.3). Metabolic processes can be followed, epitope mapping of the structural characteristics of macromolecules can be... 

The applicator in Fig. 2.52 is the liquid spray type that applies the liquid barrier to the wound without touching the tissue. The thickness of the barrier film can be adjusted by reapplication of the sprayed liquid barrier, and drying to touch occur with 15-20 seconds. Testing the barrier film on rats requires excision of the skin (dorsol section) that begins with mapping a section for excision in Fig. 2.53 and application, the exposed wet and soft tissue in shown Fig. 2.54 followed by spraying the liquid barrier to the excised tissue, and the dried protective barrier film is firmly in place on the excised rate skin in Fig. 2.55. The application of the liquid barrier was successfully applied over a wet excised tissue. 

In this review, we demonstrate that excellent IR spectra from microscopic regions of cells and tissue can be collected. These spectra are extremely sensitive to variations in the biochemical composition of the pixels from which the spectra were acquired. Multivariate analyses of the spectra datasets of cells, cell smears and tissue sections produce pseudocolor maps in a totally unsupervised fashion that reproduce the histopathology of tissue sections and cytological features of cells and cell smears. 

Elemental mapping to depict distributions of elements over tissue section is a routine... 

The use of MALDI to image biological materials is another interesting application [33,34], Indeed, as with LD and SIMS, MALDI has been used to map the distribution of targeted biomolecules in tissue. It allows for example the study of peptides, proteins and other biomolecules directly on tissue sections. 

HCA is a powerful method for data sorting based on local decision criteria. These criteria are based on finding the smallest distances between items such as spectra, where the term distances may imply Euclidean or Mahalanobis distances [17], or correlahon coefficients. HCA is, per se, not an imaging method, but can be used to construct pseudocolor maps from hyperspectral data sets collected from cells or tissue sections [18]. 

Figure 6.4 Hyperspectral FT-IR data processing performed simultaneously on four adjacent tissue sections from a cervical biopsy sample. The numbers 1 to 4 identify the individual sections in the figure, (a) A univariate chemical image obtained from the integrated area under the 1275-1190cm region after baseline subtraction (b) A four-cluster map derived from analysis over the 1272-950cm spectral window. The cluster...

Alternatively, imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) using matrix-assisted laser des-orption/ionization (MALDI) can be used to simultaneously map the distribution of pharmaceuticals in thin tissue sections to determine how a drug is distributed in animal tissues [6-9], MALDI-IMS has been extensively employed to measure macromolecules such as peptides and proteins in tissue sections [10-13] (Figure 11.1). Although MALDI-IMS has been applied almost exclusively as an analytical tool for... 

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