Manufacturing ropes

A pilot plant ia India has been estabUshed to extract fiber, pulp, and juice from the leaves of sisal plants. The fiber is sold direcdy or used to manufacture rope, the cmshed pulp is used ia paper processiag, and the juice is an excellent source of hecogenin. During a three- to five-day fermentation of the juice, partial enzymatic hydrolysis causes hecogenin to precipitate as the hemisaponin ia the form of a fine sludge. This sediment is hydrolyzed with aqueous hydrochloric acid, neutralized, and filtered. This filter cake is washed with water and extracted with alcohol. The yield of hecogenin varies between 0.05 and 0.1% by the weight of the leaf (126). 

Polypropylene is also used in the manufacture of filament, injection moulding and film. Polypropylene is widely used for manufacturing ropes and seat covers. Due to its low cost and low density, polypropylene could ultimately compete heavily with cotton and rayon fibres. 

Around the same time Germanic tribes were also cultivating hemp. The Celts had known hemp since the Hallstatt period (700-450 BC). In the 3rd century BC, the Gauls in the Rhone valley used hemp to manufacture ropes and clothing. Hiero II (308-215 BC), the tyrant of Syracuse, Sicily, imported hemp from there for the production of marine ropes. In Roman literature, hemp is first mentioned by Gains LucUius (180-102 BC). 

Oxide fibers are manufactured by thermal or chemical processes into a loose wool mat, which can then be fabricated into a flexible blanket combined with binders and formed into boards, felts, and rigid shapes or fabricated into ropes, textiles and papers. The excellent thermal properties of these products make them invaluable for high temperature industrial appHcations. 

Sling lines should be well lubricated. The field lubricant should be compatible with the original lubricant, and to this end the rope manufacturer should be consulted. The object of rope lubrication is to reduce internal friction and to prevent corrosion. 

Wire used in the manufacture of wire rope is made from (1) acid or basic open-hearth steel, (2) basic oxygen steel, or (3) electric furnace steel. Wire tested before and after fabrication shall meet different tensile and torsional requirements as specified in Tables 4-9 and 4-10. 

The 18x7 and 19x7 wire rope shall contain 18 or 19 strands, respectively. Each strand is made up of seven wires. It is manufactured counterhelically laying an outer 12-strand layer over an inner 6x7 or 7x7 wire rope. This produces a rotation-resistant characteristic. See Tables 4-16 and 4-22 and Figures 4-58 and 4-59. 

In the manufacture of uniform-diameter wire rope, wires shall be continuous. If joints are necessary in individual wires, they shall be made, prior to fabrication... 

The manufacturer shall protect the wire rope on reels from damage by moisture, dust, or dirt with a water-resistant covering of builtup material, such as tar paper and burlap, or similar material. 

If the purchaser is not satisfied with the wire rope service, he or she shall send the properly preserved sample or a sample of the rope from an unused section to any testing laboratory mutually agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer, with instructions to make a complete API test, and notify the manufacturer to have a representative present. If the report indicates compliance with specifications, the purchaser shall assume cost of testing otherwise, the manufacturer shall assume the expense and make satisfactory adjustments not exceeding full purchase price of the rope. If the report indicates noncompliance with specifications, the testing laboratory shall forward a copy of the test report to the manufacturer. 

After properly securing the wire rope in the drum socket, the number of excess or dead wraps or turns specified by the equipment manufacturer should be maintained. Whenever possible, a new wire rope should be run under controlled loads and speeds for a short period after installation. This will help to adjust the rope to working conditions. If a new coring or swabbing line is excessively wavy when first installed, two to four sinker bars may be added on the first few trips to straighten the line. 

Wire-ropes are well lubricated when, manufactured however, this lubrication will hot last throughout the entire service, life of the rope. Periodically, therefore, the rope will - need to be field lubricated. When necessary, lubricate the tope with a good grade Of lubricant that will penetrate and adhere tO the rope, and that,is free from acid or.alkali,, ... 

Splicing. Splicing wire rope requires considerable skill, and the instructions for splicing wire rope will be found in the catalogues of most of the wire-rope manufacturers, where the operation sequence is carefully described, and many clear illustrations are presented. These illustrations give, in fact, most of the information needed. 

Performance of Cured Resin Sockets. Poured resin sockets may be moved when the resin has hardened. After ambient or elevated temperature cure recommended by the manufacturer, resin sockets should develop the nominal strength of the rope and should also withstand, without cracking or breakage, shock loading sufficient to break the rope. Manufacturers of resin socketing material should be required to test to these criteria before resin materials are approved for this end use. 

We can manufacture fibers from a wide range of polymers. Polyamides, polyesters, and polypropylene can be woven or knitted into fabrics, ranging from those as coarse and strong as those used in back packs, luggage, and sails, to soft and highly flexible fabrics used in sweaters, shirts, and other apparel. Polymer filaments and yarns can be twisted or woven to make string, twine, cords, and ropes. 

Nylon can be sterilised with steam so it is sued in hypodermic syringes and surgical accessories. Curtain runners, sinks, zips, combs and switches are manufactured from nylon. Extruded nylon is used in covering wire ropes, in packaging film for pharmaceuticals, bottles, tubing, etc. Nylon laminates are used for heavy duty driving belts. Monofilaments are used in brushes, sports equipment, surgical sutures, etc. Monofilaments are prepared from nylon 6, 10 or nylon 11. 

Materials based on amorphous silica fibres are of special interest these are manufactured in a variety of textile forms (cloth, tape, rope, etc.) which can be used for several applications (thermal, electric insulation) for service temperatures generally up to about 1000°C. Typically they contain 93-96% Si02 about 4% Al203 and small quantities of Ca or alkali oxides. 

The propylene equivalent of polyethylene is polypropylene. About 50% of the chemical use of propylene is directed to that use. Other major applications are the manufacture of propylene oxide, isopropyl alcohol, cumene, 0X0 alcohols, acrylic acids, and acrylonitrile. The consumer products you are familiar with show up everywhere carpets, rope, clothing, plastics in automobiles, appliances, toys, rubbing alcohol, paints, and epoxy glue. 

Nylon 6 Is used for the manufacture of tyre cords, fabrics and ropes. 

From this enumeration it will be seen, that the field from which the papermaker can draw his raw material is not so confined as has bean supposed and these are but a portion of the substances which have been proposed and experimented upon. Mr. Herring remarks that the fibre of vegetate which is capable of being made into paper may generally he first manufactured into some other fabric, such as cloth, ropes, or mats, and after it has served its purpose in that form it is then a... 

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