Manifold fastening

Indirect-Heat Rotary Steam-Tube Dryers Probably the most common type of indirec t-heat rotaiy diyer is the steam-tube diyer (Fig. 12-69). Steam-heated tubes running the full length of the cylinder are fastened symmetrically in one, two, or three concentric rows inside the cylinder and rotate with it. Tubes may be simple pipe with condensate draining by gravity into the discharge manifold or bayonet-type. Bayonet-type tubes are also employed when units are used... 

Some support structures are also included for detachably retaining the various components of the system. Preferably the support structure can be of the assembly board type , which provides prearranged flow channels and connector ports. The desired components of the system can be fastened into these connectors by pins. The flow control system that makes up the ICS system can include pumps, flow channels, manifolds, flow restrictors, valves, etc. These components are equipped with the necessary fittings that allow them to be sealed with the prearranged or selectively located flow channels or connectors. The flow system can also include detachable mixing devices, e.g., static or ultrasonic, or with a chip-like design. The reaction units, whether chip-like or not, can be of thermal, electrochemical, photochemical or pressure type [84]. 

Steam manifolds for pressures up to 10 Pa are of cast iron. For higher pressures, the manifold is fabricated from plate steel, stay-bolted, and welded. The tubes are fastened rigidly to the manifold faceplate and are supported in a close-fitting annular plate at the other end to permit expansion. Packing on the steam neck is normally graphite asbestos. Ordinary rotating seals are similar in design with... 

The automotive industry has found several other applications where the additional cost of specialty may be beneficial. These areas are manifolds and tailpipes, catalytic converters, high-temperature fasteners, exhaust valves, airbag inflators, and other critical electrical components. The future use of these materials will depend on the benefits found in service and the changes in automotive technology that affect the corrosion conditions encountered by automobiles. 

Nylon 6,6. Nylon 6,6 appears in automotive applications mostly in impact-modified, blended, and filled (mostly glass reinforced, with or with out impact modifiers) form. Impact modification of nylon 6,6 is of significant commercial importance, especially for automotive uses. Typical applications include fasteners for interior and exterior components, a host of connectors, holding fixtures, and radiator end caps, and a fairly common application is for air intake manifolds (Fig. 9.4). These applications rely on the ductility and toughness of impact-modified nylon 6,6 as a mechanism to connect assemblies or join components. 

The manifold of another system (Figure 4.61a) has detailed differences from the previons one in that it is first fastened by two bolts to the monld plate, which makes monld... 

Figure 4.74 Plate manifold with inserts dividing the main flow channel 1 - fastening pin 2 - retaining screw Reproduced with permission from EMP)...

Two basic conditions should be met when manifolds are fastened ... 

Manifolds are fastened in the mould by tightening the mould plates, or by being directly bolted on. 

Use of an internal channel heating system, coupled with the low manifold plate temperature, have enabled torpedoes to be set within the manifold and for them to be used to heat the exit channels. A torpedo is normally fitted in a fixed manner (see Figure 4.93), but there is also the potential to fasten it in such a way that it can move (Figure 4.93b). 

Figure 5.5 Manifold with clamping strips to fasten cylindrical cartridge heaters [1]...

Figure 5.11 Methods of fastening tubular heaters in a manifold...

Heater bending usually takes place on bars fastened to the manifold plate tangentially to the groove curvature, and the heater is pushed into the groove with each bending. The minimum bend radius of a tubular heater depends on its diameter and is 5-16 mm [1]. This technique requires a certain amount of experience. 

Heat conduction from the manifold takes place chiefly via the spacer pads and fastening bolts, and perhaps also via the non-heated sprue bushing. A diminution in heat losses caused by conduction may be attained by ... 

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