Manganese applications

Manganese applicable only if the pH is normally less than 6.0 in untreated discharge. 

Table 231. Industrial uses of manganese Application Description...

Concentration limits of the diphosphate-ion, admissible to determination of magnesium and cobalt, manganese and cobalt, zinc and cobalt by spectrophotometric method with application of the l-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) are presented. Exceeding maintenance of the diphosphate-ion higher admissible supposes a preliminary its separation on the anionite in the H+-form. The optimum conditions of cobalt determination and amount of the PAR, necessary for its full fastening are established on foundation of dependence of optical density of the cobalt complex with PAR from concentration Co + and pH (buffer solutions citrate-ammoniac and acetate-ammoniac). 

Stripping voltammetry procedure has been developed for determination of thallium(I) traces in aqueous medium on a mercury film electrode with application of thallium preconcentration by coprecipitation with manganese (IV) hydroxide. More than 90% of thallium present in water sample is uptaken by a deposit depending on conditions of prepai ation of precipitant. Direct determination of thallium was carried out by stripping voltammetry in AC mode with anodic polarization of potential in 0,06 M ascorbic acid in presence of 5T0 M of mercury(II) on PU-1 polarograph. 

Precipitation is often applied to the removal of most metals from wastewater including zinc, cadmium, chromium, copper, fluoride, lead, manganese, and mercury. Also, certain anionic species can be removed by precipitation, such as phosphate, sulfate, and fluoride. Note that in some cases, organic compounds may form organometallic complexes with metals, which could inhibit precipitation. Cyanide and other ions in the wastewater may also complex with metals, making treatment by precipitation less efficient. A cutaway view of a rapid sand filter that is most often used in a municipal treatment plant is illustrated in Figure 4. The design features of this filter have been relied upon for more than 60 years in municipal applications. 

The oxidation of organic compounds by manganese dioxide has recently been reviewed. It is of limited application for the introduction of double bonds, but the advantages of mildness and simple workup make it attractive for some laboratory-scale transformations. Manganese dioxide is similar to chloranil in that it will oxidize A -3-ketones to A -dienones in refluxing benzene. Unfortunately, this reaction does not normally go to completion, and the separation of product from starting material is difficult. However, Sondheimer found that A -3-alcohols are converted into A -3-ketones, and in this instance separation is easier, but conversions are only 30%. (cf. Harrison s report that manganese dioxide in DMF or pyridine at room temperature very slowly converts A -3-alcohols to A -3-ketones.)... 

Trdtismrtalations witli first row transition metal elements sudi as titanium or manganese have produced usefid syntlietic applications. Organotitanate species of type 123 show tlie advantage of higli S 2 selectivity in tlie emit stereocliemistry of tlie resulting copperil) intetenediates iSclieme 2.56) [119, 120]. 

Silver-palladium-manganese brazes possess excellent creep characteristics and have been developed for high-temperature applications involving the use of cobalt or nickel-based alloys, heat-resistant steels, molybdenum and tungsten. Their liquidus temperatures lie in the range 1 100-1 250°C. 

Nickel-manganese-palladium brazes are resistant to attack by molten alkali metals and And applications in sodium-cooled turbine constructions. Their freedom from silver and other elements of high thermal neutron-capture cross-section allows them to be used in liquid-metal-cooled nuclear reactors. 

Determination of titanium with tannic acid and phenazone Discussion. This method affords a separation from iron, aluminium, chromium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, and zinc, and is applicable in the presence of phosphates and silicates. Small quantities of titanium (2-50 mg) may be readily determined. 

Manganese, D. of - continued with magnesium and zinc, (ti) 334 Mannitol 299, 581 Masking agents 12, 312 Mass action law 16 applications to electrolyte solutions, 23 Matrix effects 733, 794 Maxima in polarography 597 suppression of, 597, 611 Mean deviation 134 relative, 134 standard, 134 Measuring cylinders, 87 flasks, 81... 

The demand for electrically operated tools or devices that can be handled independently of stationary power sources led to a variety of different battery systems which are chosen depending on the field of application. In the case of rare usage, e.g., for household electric torches or for long-term applications with low current consumption, such as watches or heart pacemakers, primary cells (zinc-carbon, alkaline-manganese or lithium-iodide cells) are chosen. For many applications such as starter batteries in cars, only rechargeable battery systems, e.g., lead accumulators, are reasonable with regard to costs and the environment. 

Figure 32. Various applications of lithium-manganese dioxide batteries, based of their drain currents.

J. Daniel-Ivad, K. Kordesch, In-application use of rechargeable alkaline manganese diox-ide/zinc RAM batteries, Portable by Design Conference, Santa Clara, CA, March 24-27, 1997... 

In acidic electrolytes only lead, because it forms passive layers on the active surfaces, has proven sufficiently chemically stable to produce durable storage batteries. In contrast, in alkaline medium there are several substances basically suitable as electrode materials nickel hydroxide, silver oxide, and manganese dioxide as positive active materials may be combined with zinc, cadmium, iron, or metal hydrides. In each case potassium hydroxide is the electrolyte, at a concentration — depending on battery systems and application — in the range of 1.15 - 1,45 gem"3. Several elec-... 

For additional information about the x-ray emission electron-microprobe, the reader will do well to consult Birks and Brooks,11 who built a simplified probe that gave satisfactory results. They examined both metallic and nonmetallic materials, the surface of the latter being covered by evaporation with about 50 A of manganese or copper to provide sufficient electrical conductivity. Figure 9-15 illustrates an application... 

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