Manganese synthetic applications

Transmetalations with first row transition metal elements such as titanium or manganese have produced useful synthetic applications. Organotitanate species of type 123 show the advantage of high Sn2 selectivity in the anti stereochemistry of the resulting copper(I) intermediates (Scheme 2.56) [119, 120],... 

Imidoiodanes and especially A-tosyliminoiodanes, ArINTs (Section 2.1.12.4), have found broad synthetic application as useful nitrene precursors in transition metal catalyzed aziridination of aUcenes and amidation of various organic substrates [584, 761]. Mansuy and coworkers in 1984 first reported the aziridination of alkenes with tosyliminoiodane PhINTs in the presence of iron- or manganese-porphyrins [762]. This reaction has a mechanism similar to the metal-catalyzed oxygen atom transfer reactions of iodosylbenzene (Section 3.1.20) and involves a metal-nitrene complex as the intermediate. 

IV-Tosyliminoiodanes, ArINTs, have found synthetic application as useful nitrene precursors in transition metal catalyzed amidation of saturated C—H bonds in various organic substrates. Breslow and coworkers have developed the regioselective amidation of steroidal derivatives catalyzed by metalloporphyrins [690,691]. Specifically, the aromatic steroid equilenin acetate 657 undergoes regioselective and stereoselective amidation catalyzed by a manganese porphyrin using PhINTs as the nitrene donor (Scheme 3.261) [690],... 

Li CZ, Chen L, Garland M (2008) Synthetic applications of synergism using catalytic binuclear elimination reactions. Further examples of rhodium-manganese and rhodium-rhenium-catalyzed hydroformylations. Adv Synth Catal 350 679-690... 

The metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl-, heteroaryl-, and alkenyhnagnesium derivatives is a broad-scope transformation that has found many synthetic applications C(sp )-C(sp ) couplings are by far the most common. Catalysts by nickel, palladium, and iron complexes is most widespread, but the emerging fields of cobalt and manganese catalysis can also provide useful alternatives. 

The catalyzed complete combustion of individual hydrocarbons has been investigated by Todes in an attempt to establish the combustion characteristics of these hydrocarbons (220), while other workers have attempted to improve the techniques of catalyzed combustion (457). At the Power Institute Ravich has been working on the development of catalysts promoting complete combustion of gaseous and solid fuels with the aid of naturally occurring and synthetic minerals containing oxides of iron, chromium, nickel, potassium, aluminum, and manganese (317,-318,319). Industrial application of this process has been mentioned. 

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