Magnetic metals

A method has been worked out for eddy current testing of surfaces and surface cracks or corrosion under dielectric or non-magnetic metal layer of up to 10 mm. The method is based on excitation of eddy currents by a coil with U - type core and information reading by a sensitive gradientometric element located on a axis of symmetry of the core (fig. 1). 

The application of fundamentally new ECT (Russia patent Jf 2063025) has made it possible to provide high-efficiency defect control accompanied by detecting both small surface defects and more rough under-surface defects under non-magnetic metal layer of 7 mm thick, or surface defects under protection coatings, dye, corrosion, hermetic and other type of layer of 10 mm thick. 

High sensitivity for both small surface cracks and bigger inner fractures and corrosive defects under the layer of a non - magnetic metal to 7 mm, also through the skins. 

An important application of the HMT is the test for ferrous inclusions in high pressure turbine disks made from a non-magnetic metal alloy. On principle, such ferrous inclusions can be introduced during the manufacturing process and, if present, they can be the origin of cracks in these most critical parts. Therefore such tests are stringent necessary. 

Table 3. Magnetic Metals Investigated For Thin-Film Devices...

In this conslmction the conductors of each phase tire housed in a separate non-magnetic metallic enclosure to isolate them completely from each other with the following ad antages ... 

Nitronyl and imino nitroxide free radicals are also among the most versatile spin carriers which are widely used in the design of molecular magnets. Their delocalised unpaired electrons make them convenient building blocks and ideal magnetic bridges between magnetic metals, to achieve new compounds with particular... 

RDF-2 Wastes processed to coarse particle size with or without magnetic metals... 

Haberlen, and N. Rosch, Phys. Rev. Lett., 73, 1432 (1994). Quenching of Magnetic Moments by Ligand-Metal Interactions in Nanosized Magnetic Metal Clusters. 

In spite of the development of physicochemical techniques for surface analysis, spectroscopic methods applicable to the study of bonding between adsorbed metal ion species and substrate are limited, especially those applicable to in situ measurement at interfaces between solid and aqueous phases (1,2). In previous papers, we showed that emission Mossbauer measurement is useful in clarifying the chemical bonding environment of dilute metal ions adsorbed on magnetic metal oxide surfaces (3,1 ) ... 

In the simplest case in which the trivalent Fe-57 ions are completely incorporated into the cooperative antiferromagnetic system of the bulk substrate, the Fe-57 ions are expected to align parallel or antiparallel to the magnetic ions of the substrate in a similar manner as the ferric ions of the substrate. When the trivalent Fe-57 ions are on the surface, however, their magnetization is considered to be reduced to some extent due to reduction in the number of neighboring magnetic metal ions interacting with them. 

As mentioned, nickel is one of the three unique magnetic metals (Fe, Co, Ni) and is alloyed with iron, cobalt, and aluminum to make powerful Alnico magnets. 

Should the force be directed so as to deflect the path of the moving charge, an additional resistance, usually called the Hall resistance, would be observed. It should be noted that the magnitude of the effect is very small, invariably much less than 1% of the initial resistance. A secondary effect occurs in magnetic metals, however, and results in a modified magnetoresistivity curve. 

In this process, a magnetic metal-binding polymer (e. g. a cation exchange resin) is first created by oxidizing adsorbed Fe " at pH 10 and 60-70 °C to form magnetite. 

In comparison, FeS and CoS are antiferromagnetic metals at all temperatures. The substitution of Se or especially Te for S, by increasing the hybridization, stabilizes the non-magnetic metallic form. 

TABLE 6. MAGNETIC METALS INVESTIGATED FOR THIN-FILM DEVICES... 

---