Metal magnetic materials

Ferchmin AR, Kobe S (1983) Amorphous Magnetism and Metallic Magnetic Materials— Digest. North-Holland Publishing Company, New York... 

Keywords DPT Localized bases Atomic orbitals Linear scaling Semiconductors Ferroelectrics Metals Magnetic materials Zeolites Minerals Clusters Surfaces Interfaces Nanomaterials Biomolecules... 

There are many kinds of magnetic nanoparticles due to different chemical properties metals, rare earth metals, oxidation of metallic nanoparticles, and magnetic alloys. Since the metal nanoparticles include most of the metal magnetic materials and oxidation of metallic nanoparticles, the following section will focus... 

From the viewpoint of an applied field, soft ferrite is used into an alternating magnetic field. Magnetic property is excellent in high frequency as compared with metal magnetic materials since ferrite shows higher electrical... 

The causes of magnetic loss have been studied for a long time, and are divided into (a) hysteresis loss (b) eddy current loss and (c) residual loss. The contribution of each loss toward high-frequency loss of metal magnetic materials and ferrite is typically shown in Figure 6.1.4. Hysteresis loss is equivalent to... 

FIGURE 6.1.3 Effect of grain size on the initial permeability, (a) Metal magnetic material (b) Ferrite... 

Interest is maintained ia these materials because of the combination of mechanical, corrosion, electric, and magnetic properties. However, it is their ferromagnetic properties that lead to the principal appHcation of glassy metals. The soft magnetic properties and remarkably low coercivity offer tremendous opportunities for this appHcation (see Magnetic materials, bulk Magnetic materials, thin film). 

Pure iron is a silvery white, relatively soft metal and is rarely used commercially. Typical properties are Hsted in Table 1. Electrolytic (99.9% pure) iron is used for magnetic cores (2) (see Magnetic materials, bulk). Native metallic iron is rarely found in nature because iron which commonly exhibits valences of +2 and +3 combines readily with oxygen and sulfur. Iron oxides are the most prevalent form of iron (see Iron compounds). Generally, these iron oxides (iron ores) are reduced to iron and melted in a blast furnace. The hot metal (pig iron) from the blast furnace is refined in steelmaking furnaces to make steel... 

Reference 37 provides excellent overviews of metallic films, materials science of thin magnetic recording materials, and the potential technological significance. 

Nickel Oxalate. This salt, NiC204, mol wt 146.7, is produced as a greenish white crystalline dihydrate [6018-94-6]. It decomposes by heating at 320°C under vacuum into Ni metal and carbon dioxide. Nickel oxalate is used for the production of nickel catalysts and magnetic materials. 

XPS has been used in almost every area in which the properties of surfaces are important. The most prominent areas can be deduced from conferences on surface analysis, especially from ECASIA, which is held every two years. These areas are adhesion, biomaterials, catalysis, ceramics and glasses, corrosion, environmental problems, magnetic materials, metals, micro- and optoelectronics, nanomaterials, polymers and composite materials, superconductors, thin films and coatings, and tribology and wear. The contributions to these conferences are also representative of actual surface-analytical problems and studies [2.33 a,b]. A few examples from the areas mentioned above are given below more comprehensive discussions of the applications of XPS are given elsewhere [1.1,1.3-1.9, 2.34—2.39]. 

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