Magnesium soaps

Some common magnesium soaps are the stearate, sulfonate, laurate, oleate, and naphthenate. They are manufactured by reaction of the fatty acid with either magnesium oxide or magnesium chloride or citrate. 

Lubricants and stabilizers in the production of polymers to improve flow properties 

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Emulsifiers are incorporated in oil and synthetic mud formulations to maintain a stable emulsion of the internal brine phase. These materials include calcium and magnesium soaps of fatty acids and polyamines and amides and their mixtures (123,127). The specific chemistry of these additives depends on the nature of the continuous phase of the mud, ie, whether diesel oil, mineral oil, or a synthetic Hquid. Lime is added along with the fatty acid to form the... 

The importance of thermally stable char was shown to be critical in a further study of siloxane block polymers by General Electric researchers. (18). The char enhancing action of magnesium soaps and a special silicate silane (19) and likewise the char stabilizing action of lead salts (20) were demonstrated in polyolefins by General Electric investigators. 

Hard water contains calcium and magnesium Ions. These Ions form Insoluble calcium and magnesium soaps respectively when sodium or potassium soaps are dissolved in hard water. 

A combination of pancreatin with antacids such as bicarbonate seems not to result in improved effects [93-95], This may be attributable to reflex summation of acid secretion, binding of bile acid by calcium, or formation of calcium and magnesium soaps with the liberated fatty acids. Furthermore, high doses of bicarbonate are considered unpalatable, especially by children. 

There are many treatment agents that are commercially available for oil treatment. Although oil treatment can be beneficial, not every treatment material on the market is satisfactory. Some of them reduce the free fatty acid via acid/base reaction. The base metals in these materials are typically calcium and magnesium salts that react with the free fatty acid, forming calcium and magnesium soaps. These soaps in the oil cause rapid rise in free fatty acid and cause rapid oil oxidation. Therefore, one must make certain that the reduction of the free fatty acid is not accomplished via an acid/base reaction (8). 

When all impurities have been removed, keratin remains. This is prepared in a chemically pure state in the laboratory by extracting dry wool in a soxhiet with ether to remove the oil and fat, and then with alcohol to take away the soaps. The residue is next dried and immersed in warm distilled water to dissolve the suint, after which it is soaked in a 1 per cent solution of hydrochloric acid to decompose any calcium or magnesium soaps which may be present. After rinsing in distilled water the wool is dried and extracted again with ether to remove the fatty acids which have been liberated, and finally rinsed in dilute ammonia till free from acid before drying. Keratin which has been purified in this way has the following average composition. 

During the caustic soda boil all the impurities, with the exception of the colouring matter and wax, are converted to soluble substances which are washed away when the rinsing takes place. The oils and fats are converted to soaps, and these in turn emulsify the waxes. The proteins are broken up into the sodium salts of simple amino acids and the adventitious dirt falls away when the oils are removed and is held in suspension by the soap. It is necessary to use soft water during kier boiling to avoid troubles due to the precipitation of calcium and magnesium soaps. 

Sodium pyrophosphate, triphosphate and oligophosphates such as glassy metaphosphates are used frequently in conjunction with alkali metal carboxylate soaps. They soften hard water which would otherwise cause precipitation of insoluble calcium and magnesium soaps, and they increase lathering power. 

Magnesium soap n. A magnesium salt of a fatty acid, e.g., magnesium stearate, precipitated by an inorganic magnesium salt from a solution of sodium or potassium soaps. 

Magnesium soaps Saponification products of magnesium and various fatty acids. Magnesium stearate n. Mg(OOCCi7H35)2. A white, soft powder used as a lubricant and stabilizer. 

Studies in humans have indicated that increasing the level of dietary protein enhances magnesium absorption [40,41]. Excessive dietary fat has been shown to impair magnesium absorption due to the formation of insoluble magnesium soaps [42,43]. Readily available carbohydrates such as lactose may enhance magnesium intestinal absorption [44,45], while excess dietary fiber may decrease magnesium absorption in humans [46]. The ionophores monensin and lasalocid have both been shown to enhance magnesium absorption in steers [47). 

Soaps of divalent cations and aluminium soaps are called metal soaps. They have a hydrophobic character and therefore are of great significance in non-food appHcations in industry and construction. They are seldom found in foods. Calcium and magnesium soaps commonly arise from alkaline soaps in hard water, but they are also natural components of foods at low levels. The concentrations at which soaps occur naturally have no significant effect on the sensory and nutritional value of a food or its functional properties. However, higher concentrations of soaps may lower the acidity and negatively affect some functional properties of the food and cause diarrhoea. Calcium soaps maybe used as a source of calcium in the diet of dairy cows. 

Magnesium Soaps Saponification products of magnesium and various fatty acids. 

A soap is the metallic salt of a higher aliphatic acid, and is formed whenever fats are hydrolysed in an alkaline medium. Potassium, sodium, and ammonium soaps are dissolved readily by water to form colloidal solutions, and are used in washing. Calcium and magnesium soaps are insoluble, and represent a form in which these metals are excreted by the intestine. 

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