Lung cancers prognosis

Goodman MT, Kolonel TJ, Wilkens, LR, Yoshizawa CN, Le Marchand L and Hankin JH. 1992. Dietary factors in lung cancer prognosis. Eur J Cancer 28 495-501. 

There are four major histologic types of lung cancer that are divided into two classes based on response to treatment and prognosis small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it is important to note that certain other rare malignancies can be seen as well as mixed-type carcinomas. The four major types of lung cancer are outlined in Table 87-1. 

Signs and symptoms of lung cancer can be classified into three subdivisions pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and paraneoplastic syndromes. Distinguishing between these classes of symptoms is important because it can aid in determining the severity of the disease, guide treatment options, and affect prognosis. 

Ohsaki Y, Tanno S, Fujita Y, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression correlates with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients with p53 overexpression. Oncol Rep 2000 7 603-607. 

Giatromanolaki A, Koukourakis MI, O Byrne K, et al. Non-small cell lung cancer c-erbB-2 overexpression correlates with low angiogenesis and poor prognosis. Anticancer Res 1996 16 3819-3825. 

F]-FDG-PET revealed to be of great importance for the prediction of prognosis for patients with lung cancer, as published by Downey et al. [89]. In a retrospective analysis an initial SUVmax < 9 was correlated with significant better 2-year survival (96% vs. 68% p < 0.01). In a prospective study with a total of 57 patients Weber et al. [90] showed that in NSCLC the reduction of metabolic activity after one cycle... 

Potti A, Mukherjee S, Petersen R et al. A genomic strategy to refine prognosis in early-stage nonsmall-cell lung cancer. N EnglJ Med 2006 355 570-59,0. 

In lung cancer, overexpression of HER-2 is associated with a poor prognosis. Unlike breast carcinoma, HER-2/nen gene amplification in NSCLC is uncommon. However, in advanced lung carcinoma, the Herceptin is positive. Thus, Herceptin may have a role in the treatment of a proportion of patients with this disease, but it is of a limited clinical value, especially in the adjuvant setting. 

Wirtz PW, Willcox N, van der Slik AR, Lang B, Maddison P, Koeleman BP, et al. HLA and smoking in prediction and prognosis of small cell lung cancer in autoimmune Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 2005 159(l-2) 230-237. 

Tartter, P.I. Burrows, L. Kirschner, P. Perioperative blood transfusion adversely affects prognosis after resection of stage I (subset NO) non-oat cell lung cancer. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1984, 88, 659-662. 

Mitsudomi, T., Oyama, T., Kusano, T., Osaki, T Nakanishi, R and Shirakusa, T. (1993) Mutations of the p53 gene as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 85,2018-2023. 

Monoclonal antibodies to mutated p53 proteins have been developed. The wild type of p53 is normally present in very small amounts that are not detected by immunohisto-chemistry, whereas the mutant protein accumulates to easily detectable levels. Overexpression of the mutant proteins has been detected in up to 70% of primary colorectal cancers. Overexpression of p53 in breast cancers is associated with poor prognosis, but this association is not as strong as the association with c-erhB-2. Up to 75% of small cell lung carcinomas appear to overexpress a mutant (missense mutation) protein. Finally, circulating antibodies to mutant p53 proteins have been found in sera from patients with breast and lung cancer and B-cell lymphomas. Tills antibody response may be useful in this subset of patients for monitoring for relapse. ... 

Pujol JL, Boher JM, Grenier J. Cyfra 21-1, neuron specific enolase and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer prospective study in 621 patients. Limg Cancer 2001 31 221-31. 

Large cell carcinomas are anaplastic tumors that show no evidence of differentiation. These tumors account for only about 15% of all lung cancers. These tumors tend to be large and bulky tumors arising in the periphery of the lung, to have a propensity to metastasize in a pattern quite similar to adenocarcinomas, and to be associated with a similar poor prognosis. 

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