Lung affecting

As regards respiratory apparatus, intoxication is manifested in the development of catarrh of upper air passages and bronchitis with dyspnea, but more often damage is limited to impaired vital capacity of lungs. Affection of gastrointestinal tract is manifested in gastritis and chronic colitis. 

Since wind-heat frequently invades the Lung, affecting the nose, skin, head and throat, Sang Ye and Ju Hua are often used together as chief in the formula. 

Lu Gen is sweet and cold, and enters the Lung, Stomach and Kidney meridians. It is often used as assistant in a formula to treat a wind-heat syndrome because it not only clears heat but also generates body fluids, which have been injured by heat in a wind-heat syndrome. In addition, it is also used to treat nausea and belching when the heat from the Lung affects the Stomach. 

The physiological factors that influence aerosol deposition in the lung have been investigated experimentally [57-62] and theoretically [63-70]. Flow rates within the lung affect deposition. Airway obstruction [71], breathing rate [72,73], and breath holding [74-76] determine these rates. Because species variations... 

Narcosis induction Coumarin Due to effect on CNS and not heart or lungs affected both cold- and warm-blooded animals [222]... 

Narcotic vapors an irrifanf to the eyes and lungs affects liver and kidneys oral LD50 value (rats) 2800 mg/kg carcinogenic violent reactions with finely divided metals or strong oxidizers. 

The kidneys and lungs play major roles in regulation of the levels of acids and bases in the body thus anything that damages or inhibits the function of the kidneys or lungs affects the acid-base balance in the body. 

Hydraziae is toxic and readily absorbed by oral, dermal, or inhalation routes of exposure. Contact with hydraziae irritates the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Liquid splashed iato the eyes may cause permanent damage to the cornea. At high doses it can cause convulsions, but even low doses may result ia ceatral aervous system depressioa. Death from acute exposure results from coavulsioas, respiratory arrest, and cardiovascular coUapse. Repeated exposure may affect the lungs, Hver, and kidneys. Of the hydraziae derivatives studied, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) appears to be the least hepatotoxic monomethyl-hydrazine (MMH) seems to be more toxic to the kidneys. Evidence is limited as to the effect of hydraziae oa reproductioa and/or development however, animal studies demonstrate that only doses that produce toxicity ia pregaant rats result ia embryotoxicity (164). 

The particle size and chemical composition of lead and lead compounds affect the readiness with which lead is absorbed from the lungs and digestive tract (see Lead compounds, industrial toxicology). Larger particles and compounds having low aqueous solubiHty are less hazardous than finely divided particles and compounds of higher solubiHty. 

Antimony is not known to cause cancer, birth defects, or affect reproduction in humans. However, antimony has been shown to cause lung cancer in laboratory animals that inhaled antimony-containing dusts and prolonged exposure to antimony can cause irritation of the eyes, skin, lungs, and stomach, in the form of vomiting and diarrhea. Heart problems can also result from overexposure to antimony (33). 

Treatment for acute exposure to benzene vapor involves removing the subject from the affected area, followed by artificial respiration with oxygen intubation and cardiac monitors may be necessary for severe acute exposures (125,127). Because of its low surface tension, benzene poses a significant aspiration hazard if the liquid enters the lungs. Emesis is indicated in alert patients if more than 1 mL of benzene per kg of body weight has been ingested and less than two hours have passed between ingestion and treatment (127). 

Asbestos and other fibers in a wide variety of bundle sizes or even individual fibrils are in commercial usage. The handling of asbestos and other fibers causes degradation of the larger fiber bundles to fibers having diameters less than two micrometers that remain airborne for extended periods of time. These airborne fibers are prone to inhalation and lung entrapment. The exact definition of harmfiil fibers and the mechanism by which they affect the body is not accurately known. 

Reactive halides and anhydrides. Substances like acid chlorides, low molecular weight anhydrides and some inorganic halides (e.g. PCI3) can be highly toxic and lachrymatory affecting mucous membranes and lung tissues. Utmost care should be taken when working with these materials. Work should be carried out in a very efficient fnme cupboard. 

Air pollution principally affects the respiratory, circulatory, and olfactory systems. The respiratory system is the principal route of entry for air pollutants, some of which may alter the function of the lungs. 

TI8. Schlesinger, R. B. (1989). Factors affecting the response of lung clearance systems to acid aerosols role of exposure concentration. E.nviron. Health Perspect. 79, 121-126. 

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