Matches lucifer

The physiological action of phosphorus.—Yellow phosphorus was formerly used largely in the preparation of lucifer matches, and the workman exposed to the fumes suffered from necrosis or rotting of the bones of the upper and particularly of the lower jaw—phossy-jaw. The use of red phosphorus and improved hygienic conditions have done much to minimize the risks of chronic phosphorus poisoning. 

DeardenWF. 1899. Fragilitas ossium amongst workers in Lucifer match factories. BrMedJ 2 270-271. 

The heads of lucifer matches, which will ignite on any rough surface, contain phosphorus in addition to the ingredients of the heads of safety matches. Accounts of the history and manufacture of matches may be obtained from the following sources —... 

An Account of the Invention of Friction Matches, John Walker, Stockton-on-Tees, 1909 The True History of the Invention of the Lucifer Match, John Walker, Heavisides, Stoekton-on-Tees, 1927 see also Clayton, Chem. News, 1911, 104, 223 The Match Industry, Dixon, London, 1925 Guide to Bryant and May s Museum, ... 

Substitute for Lucifer Hatche. The dangers arising from the universal adoption of tho common lucifer match have in-... 

Colored Stars.2064 Lucifer Matches. Substitute for...2l4BRock t Cases, to make.2050... 

The actual incorporation of white phosphorus into the match mixture permitted the construction of "friction matches" which were introduced in 1833 (by Friedrich Moldenhauer of Darmstadt, Germany) and became known as "congreve matches" (after Sir WiUiam Congreve). However, this name was relatively short-lived and the previous term of "lucifer matches" applied generally to the eartier non-phosphorus-containing versions ("sulphur matches") continued to be used. 

Lucifer match The friction match whose tip usually contains phosphorous sulphide mixed with other combustibles and with oxidizing material, as potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate or red lead. 

T.E. Thorpe, J. Oliver, and G. Cunningham, Report on Use of Lucifer Matches, HMSO, London, 1899. 

Already by the Neolithic Age fire was generated by frictional heating and the use of touchwood or other inflammable substances. Later on, easily inflammable lucifer matches, wood or yarn, with the ends dipped in molten sulfur, were used. A 19 century variant of the lucifer match, a drawing match, had a head of sodium chlorate and antimony sulfide. It was inflammable by drawing out from a doubled piece of sandpaper. 

Phosj ioras is frequently used in the laboratory. It is largely employed in the manufacture of the iodides of methyl and ethyl, bodies mudrnsed in the preparation of certain aniline odours. The main poipose for which phosphmms is employed in the arts is, however, the manufacture of lucifer matches, for which purpose no less than 1,000 tons are employed every year. 

Lucifer Matches.—The application of this substance to the artificial production d heat and l ht is only of recent date. The oldest mode of artificially obtaining fire is that, still made use of by certain rude trib , of rubbing together a piece of hard wood and a piece of soft wood, turning the former quickly on the latter until it takes fire. At a later time it was found that, when a piece of iron pyrites was struck with a mass of... 

Other early match-like devices were based on the property of various combustible substances mixed with potassium chlorate to ignite when moistened with strong acid. More important was the property of chlorates to form mixtures with combustibles of low ignition point which were ignited by friction (John Walker, 1827). However, such matches containing essentially potassium chlorate, antimony sulfide, and later sulfur (lucifers), mbbed within a fold of glass powder-coated paper, were hard to initiate and unreHable. 

Chrmic phosphoruH poiaoning, or Lucifer diseasfit occurs among operatives engag in the dipping, d ing, and pacl ing of phosphorus matches. 

The salts of this acid, which are called chlorates, are quite permanent, but readily explode with combustible matter at a red-heat or, in some cases, by friction and percussion alone, or by contact of oil of vitriol. Thus phosphorus and charcoal explode most violently in contact with chlorate of potash—the latter by friction, the former by percussion and a kind of instantaneous light, formerly much used, consisted of a mixture of chlorate of potash, sugar, and a little gum, to make it adhere, placed on the end of a match, and dipped into oil of vitriol, when it took fire. The lucifers now used are also made with the same salt, and take fire by friction. (See chlorate of potash.)... 

The octopamine content per cell is calculated by subtracting the background level detected in a matched blank tube from the level detected in the sample. The resulting value is then divided by the number of cells in the sample The mean octopamine content for these four samples is 27.07 pg/cell (0 143 pmol/cell). Dye marked cells were labeled with Lucifer yellow ND not detectable... 

The first inventor of Friction Lights (as he called them) was undoubtedly John Walker [1781-1857], of Stockton-on-Tees, who in 1825 compounded a percussion powder of equal parts by weight of potassium chlorate and antimony sulphide such mixture (made into a paste with gum) was afterwards used for the tips of Friction Lights made and sold by him from 7th April, 1827, onwards, as recorded in his Day-Book. The head of the match, on a wooden splint, was pressed in a fold of sand-paper and forcibly drawn out. Such matches, called lucifers and struck on sand-paper, were patented in 1832 by Samuel Jones in London. Wiggers reproduced them with a composition of 2 drachms of chlorate, i scruple of antimony sulphide, drachm of animal glue, and water to make a thin paste. 

Later Jones began to market a friction match discovered, but not patented, by John Walker. Walker, who had been experimenting with explosives, discovered this match one day when he tried to remove a small glob of a dried mixture from a stick. He rubbed the stick on the floor and was surprised when it burst into flame. Jones called his matches Lucifers. They were well named when lighted, they gave off a shower of sparks and smoky fumes with the acrid odor of sulfur dioxide. Jones had every box inscribed with the warning Persons whose lungs are delicate should by no means use Lucifers. ... 

A few years later, a Frenchman, Charles Sauria, invented the white phosphorus match, which became an immediate success. When rubbed on a rough surface, the match lighted easily, without hazardous sparks, and smelled better than Lucifers. The match head contained white phosphorus, an oxidizing agent, and glue. White phosphorus is a... 

The Birth of the Post-it Note 5 [ I Lucifers and Other Matches 236... 

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