Normative Aging Study

The results from more recent studies have not clarified the issue. In a study of the general population in Belgium in which 2 sets of data were collected at a 6-year interval, Staessen et al. (1996) found that blood pressure was not correlated with PbB or ZPP concentrations in men or women. The study further found that the risk of becoming hypertensive was not associated with PbB or ZPP concentrations measured at the first data collection. Results from the evaluation of participants in the Normative Aging Study showed that an increase in tibia bone lead of about 29 pg/g was associated with an increased odds ratio of hypertension of 1.5 (Hu et al. 1996a). However, the authors acknowledged that the procedures used to... 

Hu H, Payton M, Korrick S, et al. 1996c. Determinants of bone and blood lead levels among community-exposed middle-aged to elderly men. The normative aging study. Am J Epidemiol 144(8) 749-759. 

Kim R, Rotnitzky A, Sparrow D, et al. 1996a. A longitudinal study of low-level lead exposure and impairment of renal function. The normative aging study. JAMA 275 1177-1181. 

Payton M, Riggs KM, Spiro A III, et al. 1998. Relations of bone and blood lead to cognitive function The VA normative aging study. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 20(1) 19-27. 

Hu, H. et al. (1996). The relationship of bone and blood lead to hypertension. The normative aging study, JAMA, 275, 1171-1176. 

Kawachi 1, Sparrow D, Vokonas PS, et al Decreased heart rate variability in men with phobic anxiety data from the Normative Aging Study. Am J Cardiol 75 882-885,... 

Campion EW, deLabry LO, Glynn RJ. The effect of age on serum albumin in healthy males report from the normative aging study. J Gerontol 1988 43 M18-M20. 

Riggs KM, Spiro A, 3rd, Tucker K, Rush D. Relations of vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, folate, and homocysteine to cognitive performance in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1996 63 306-314. 

Kim R, Rotnitski A, Parrow D, Weiss ST, Wager C, Hu H. A iongitudinai study of iow-ievei iead exposure and impairment of renai function.The Normative Aging Study. JAMA 1996 275 1177-1176. 

Hu H, Aro A, Payton M, KorrickS, Sparrow D, Weiss ST.The reiationshipof bone and biood iead to hypertension. The Normative Aging Study. JAMA 1996 275 1171-1176. 

Thais S-W, Korrick S, Schwartz J, Amasiriwardena C, Aro A, Sparrow D, Hu H. Lead diabetes, hypertension, and renai function Normative Aging Study. Environ Heaith Perspect 2004 112 1178-1182. 

Cheng Y, Schwartz J, Sparrow D, Aro A, Weiss, ST, Hu H. Bone iead and bone iead ieveis in reiation to baseiine biood pressure and the prospective deveiopment of hypertension The Normative Aging Study. Am J Epidemioiogy. 2001 153(2) 164-171. 

Kubzansky, L.D., I. Kawachi, A. Spiro, S.T. Weiss, P.S. Vokonas, and D. Sparrow. Is Worrying Bad for Your Heart A Prospective Study of Worry and Coronary Heart Disease in the Normative Aging Study. Circulation 95, no. 4 (February 18, 1997) 818-24. 

The peak incidence of clinical BPH occurs at 63 to 65 years of age. Symptomatic disease is uncommon in men younger than 50 years of age, but some urinary voiding symptoms are present by the time men turn 60 years of age. The Boston Area Normative Aging Study estimated that the cumulative incidence of clinical BPH was 78% in patients at age 80 years. Similarly, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging projected that approximately 60% of men of at least 60 years of age develop clinical BPH. ... 

Glynn RJ, Campion EW, Bouchard GR, Silbert JE. The development of benign prostatic hyperplasia among volunteers in the normative aging study. Am J Epidemiol 1985 131 79-90. 

Kim, R., C. Landrigan, P. Mossmaiui, D. Sparrow, and H. Hu. 1997. Age and secular trends in bone lead levels in middle-aged elderly men Three-year longitudinal follow-up in the Normative Aging Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 146(7) 586-591. 

Numerous studies of the general US population derived from several NHANES evaluations have described associations between BLLs and renal function. They and the Normative Aging Study (Kim et al. 1996 Tsaih et al. 2004) and the Swedish Women s Health Study (SWHS) (Akesson et al. 2005) led NTP to conclude that there is sufficient evidence available for an association between current [BLLs] <5 pg/dL in adults, measured at the time of study, and reduced kidney Action in general populations (NTP 2012, p. 102). For example, in an NHANES study of BLL and renal function in nearly 10,000 adults recruited in 1999-2002, Muntner et al. (2005) described an increased risk of CKD, defined as an estimated GFR under 60 mL/min/1.73 m. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of BLL (under 1.06 pg/dL), people in the highest quartile (over 2.47 p dL) were 2.72 (95% Cl 1.47, 5.04) times more likely to have CKD. In support, Navas-Aden et al. (2009), in a comparable study of nearly 15,000 adults evaluated during 1999-2006, observed reduced GFR in those who had BLLs over 2.4 pg/dL vs those who had BLLs of 1.1 pg/dL or lower (adjusted OR = 1.56 95% Cl 1.17, 2.08). The latter study also observed a... 

The committee identified one study of an important and specific clinical outcome—incident ischemic heart disease—and four studies of cardiovascular mortality. Jain et al. (2007) examined the association between bone lead and incidence of ischemic heart disease (myocardial irrfarction or angina pectoris) in a prospective cohort of veterans in the Boston, Massachirsetts, area (Normative Aging Study 83 cases and 754 noncases) with 10 years of followup. The mean (SD) concentrations of baseline BLL, patella lead, arrd tibia lead were 7.0 (3.8) pg/dL, 36.8 (20.8) pg/g, and 24.2 (15.9) pg/g in cases arrd 6.2 (4.3) pg/dL, 30.6 (19.7) pg/g, and 21.4 (13.6) pg/g in noncases, respectively. SD increases in BLL and patella lead were significantly associated with a 27% (95% Cl of hazard ratio [HR] 1.01, 1.59) and a 29% (95% Cl of HR 1.02, 1.62) increased risk of ischemic heart disease. Compared with srrbjects who had BLLs under 5 pg/dL, those who had BLLs of 5 pg/dL or higher had an HR of 1.73 (95% Cl 1.05, 2.87). Weisskopf et al. (2009) conducted a strrvival analysis of mortality in the same cohort (an average of 8.9 years of followup) and found that men in the highest tertile of patella lead had HRs of 2.52 (95% Cl 1.17, 5.41) for all causes, 5.63 (95% Cl 1.73, 18.3) for cardiovascular disease, and 8.37 (95% Cl 1.29, 54.4) for ischemic heart disease. Baseline BLLs were not associated with cardiovascular mortality. 

Mean (SD) bone lead in Normative Aging Study tibia, 22 (13) pg/g patella, 32(19) pg/g... 

Cheng, Y., J. Schwartz, P.S. Vokonas, S.T. Weiss, A. Aro, and H. Hu. 1998. Electrocardiographic conduction disturbances in association with low-level lead exposure (the Normative Aging Study). Am. J. Cardiol. 82(5) 594-599. 

Eum, K.D., L.H. Nie, J. Schwartz, P.S. Vokonas, D. Sparrow, H. Hu, and M.G. Weisskopf 2011. Prospective cohort study of lead exposure and electrocardiographic conduction disturbances in the Department of Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. Environ. Health Perspect. 119(7) 940-944. 

Rajan, P., K.T. Kelsey, J.C. Schwartz, D.C. Belhnger, J. Weuve, D. Sparrow, A. Spiro, ni, T. J. Smith, H. Nie, H. Hu, and R.O. Wright. 2007. Lead burden and psychiatric symptoms and the modifying influence of the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) polymorphism The VA Normative Aging Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 166(12) 1400-1408. 

---