Lonchocarpus

Rotenone and the rotenoids (Figure 2) have long been used as Insecticides and plscicides (fish poisons). By the early 1950 s more than 7 million pounds of Legumlnosae roots (Perris, Lonchocarpus, and Tephrosia spp.) containing these insecticides were imported annually into the United States. In 1972, about 1.5 million pounds of the roots were used in the United States for pest control in the home and garden markets and to control ectoparasites on animals (10). 

A remarkable number of insecticidal plants seem to have been recognized first as fish poisons. This group has received special scientific attention for example, the already mentioned rotenone and other rotenoids of Perris and Lonchocarpus species (3-6), the lupine alkaloids of Sophora species (13), and a saponin (medicagenic acid) from Medlcago sativa leaves ( ). 

Dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol (26), a nattural product found in Derris elip-tica as well as Lonchocarpus sp. [126], was obtained from L-sorbose via 5-azido-5-deoxy-D-ffuctopyranose (82) by Card and Hitz [127] and characterized as a very potent inhibitor of /3-D-fructofuranosidase (invertase). 

Dos Santos Pereira, A. et al.. Analysis and quantitation of rotenoids and flavonoids in Derris (Lonchocarpus urucu) by high-temperature high-resolution gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr. Set, 38, 174, 2000. 

Lonchocarpus castilloi Castillen D (aurone) and castillen E Termite Cryptotermes brevis 367... 

Reyes-Chilpa, R. et al., Antitermitic activity of Lonchocarpus castilloi flavonoids and heartwood extracts, J. Chem. Ecol, 21, 455, 1995. 

The 8-0-methylepioritin-4a-ol (114) complements the rare series of flavan-3,4-diols where 0-methylation had occurred at one of the phenolic hydroxyl functions (Figure 11.10). Compounds 115-122 were obtained from various Lonchocarpus species. 

Mixed trimers Catechin-(4 8)-gallocatechin-(4a —> 8)-gallocatechin Lonchocarpus spp. 90 ... 

Magalbaes, A.F. et al., Twenty-tbree flavonoids from Lonchocarpus subglaucescens. Phytochemistry, 42, 1459, 1996. 

Borges-Argaez, R., Pena-Rodriquez, L.M., and Waterman, P.G., Flavonoids from tbe stem bark of Lonchocarpus xuul. Phytochemistry, 54, 611, 2000. 

Lonchocarpus xuul, L. yucatanensis Dorstenia kameruniana Madura pomifera Atalantia monophylla Dorstenia dinklagii Lonchocarpus xuul, L. yucatanensis... 

Flavanones bearing a simple furano ring without an isopropyl side chain include compounds 141 from Millettia erythrocalyx, 143 from Lonchocarpus latifolius, 144 from... 

Pr, prenyl Ger, geranyl Lav, lavandulyl DMP, dimethylpyrano DMDHP, dimethyldihydropyrano. Rhiz, rhizomes Tissue, plant tissue culture RootB, root bark Aerial, aerial parts StemB, stem bark. Cube resin is an extract of the roots of Lonchocarpus utilis and L. urucu (Leguminosae). 

Mundulea suberosa Glycyrrhiza glabra Lonchocarpus oaxacensis... 

Alavez-Solano, D. et al., Flavanones and 3-hydroxyflavanones from Lonchocarpus oaxacensis. Phytochemistry, 55, 953, 2000. 

Rotenone (Figure 56-1) is obtained from Derris elliptica, D mallaccensis, Lonchocarpus utilis, and L urucu. The oral ingestion of rotenone produces gastrointestinal irritation. Conjunctivitis, dermatitis, pharyngitis, and rhinitis can also occur. Treatment is symptomatic. 

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