Load cycle rate

If the cycle has a short-time rating, with a period of energization and one of rest, the motor will obviously cool during the de-energizing period, and depending upon the peak load and tlie rest periods, a comparatively lower output motor can perform duties at higher loads. The equivalent output for the load cycle of Figure 3.16 is... 

A load ramp rate of 0 to 100% in one cycle when operated independently of the utility grid... 

FIGURE 7.10 Effect of load cycle frequency on fatigue crack growth rate (daldN) vs. stress intensity factor range (AK) relationships for a carbon steel. ... 

Loading Free base form operation at a typical flowrate of 5-80 m m h . Unlike water treatment service cycles on strongly functional resins which are all film diffusion controlled the loading cycle on weakly basic anion exchange resins is often particle diffusion controlled and therefore rate sensitive. 

Fixed bed batch size on cycle time load, backwash/clean, regenerate, swing on-stream. Load typical flow rate 2 to 3.5 BV/h with the load time based on the ratio of the adsorption isotherm to the feed concentration of the target species (usual range varies with the application 18 to 100 min, while for water treatment 70 to 1(X) days). Backwash with velocity to fluidize the bed (see liquid fluidization, Section 16.11.7.5) velocity 0.8 BV/h. Time such that <5% feedrate used in backwash. Usually, carbon is removed and regenerated about four times per annum. Try to match the loading cycle to the regeneration cycle. 

Bag filter batch load cycle and clean intermittent shaking, reverse pulse, reverse blow ring or sonic cleaifing. Load filter until the gas pressure drop across the filter is >1.5 kPa, then clean. Choice of fabric is critical static charge on fabric, operating temperature, potential for fumes to absorb with moisture to deteriorate bag, and need to select dust removal option to keep the Ap across the bag of 0.5 to 1.5 kPa. Felted material gives higher gas flow rate per unit area than woven, costs 3 to 4 times more, and cannot be cleaned by... 

Flue gas flow rate was varied from 18,000 acfm to a maximum of 35,000 acfm (spray tower gas velocity between 4.8 and 9.4 ft/ sec) to follow the daily boiler load cycle, which normally fluctuated between 100 and 150 MW. The adjustable venturi plug was fixed in a position such that the pressure drop across the venturi... 

Following Run 907-1A, a second adipic acid-enhanced limestone long-term run with forced oxidation was made during which flue gas monitoring procedures were evaluated by EPA. This run, Run 907-1B, was made under the same conditions as Run 907-1A except that the gas flow rate was varied according to a "typical" utility boiler load cycle rather than the actual Unit No. 10 boiler load. Run 907-1B began on November 13, 1978 and terminated January 29,... 

The run was controlled at a scrubber inlet pH of 5.0 to 5.1 and an adipic acid concentration of 1,300 to 1,700 ppm to obtain 90 percent or higher SO2 removal. The flue gas flow rate was varied between 20,000 and 35,000 acfm (5.4 to 9.4 ft/sec superficial gas velocity) according to a "typical daily boiler load cycle." The slurry flow rate was fixed at 2,400 gpm (L/G = 85 to 150 gal/Mcf). Slurry solids concentration was controlled at 15 percent. 

Overflow from the clarifier is combined with a similar stream from leaching circuit B and passed through six 600-ft (58-m ) U.S. pressure filters in parallel, each operated at a feed rate of 300 to 500 gal/min (1.1 to 1.9 m /min). Filters are precoated with about 0.1 lb (0.05 kg) of precoat per short ton of ore, and 0.35 lb (0.17 kg) of filter aid per ton is added to the filter feed. The filter loading cycle lasts from 4 to 24 h, depending on the solids contents of clarifier overflow. Filter cake is returned to 2 or 3 thickener. Filtered leach liquor containing about 1 g UaOg/liter is the product of the leaching system and the feed to the solvent extraction system. 

The operation of each column was essentially identical. First the column was loaded with the cesium feed at the rate of 2 column volumes per hour (2 Cv/hr). The column then was scrubbed with 8 Cv of a 0.15M (NH4)2CO3-0.1M NH4OH solution at 2 Cv/hr. Next the column was eluted with a 3M (NH4)2C03-2Af NH4OH solution at 2 Cv/hr. Finally, the column was washed with 4 Cv of water before the next loading cycle. Downflow was used for all column operations, and the column temperature was maintained at approximately 25 °C. Each column volume of effluent was analyzed for cesium by in-cell gamma energy analysis. The entire eluent effluent was combined after each run and sampled for sodium, potassium, and rubidium analysis by flame photometry. 

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