Llobregat River

Fig. 1 Water flow dynamics in the Llobregat River (NE Spain) close to its mouth, (a) Monthly average flow rates between 1968 and 2008. (b) Daily average flow rates in 2007-2008 during a remarkably dry period (data Catalan Water Agency data base)...

Thomdycraft VR, Benito G, Rico M et al (2005) Long-term flood discharge record derived from slackwater flood deposits of the Llobregat River, NE Spain. J Hydrol 313 16—31... 

Munoz I, Lopez-Doval J, Ricart M, et al (2009) Bridging levels of pharmaceuticals with biological community structure in the Llobregat river basin (NE Spain) Environ Toxicol Chem28, 12. DOI 10.1897/08-486.1... 

Case Study Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals in the Llobregat River (NE Spain)... 

The Llobregat River (NE Spain) is 156 km long and covers a catchment area of about 4,957 km. Its watershed is heavily populated (more than three million inhabitants). 

Fig. 6 Concentration range (ng L ) of some of the most representative pharmaceutical compounds measured in the Llobregat river at Sant Joan Despi (Barcelona), between June and August 2008...

Kock-Schulmeyer M, Ginebreda A, Gonzalez S, Cortina JL, de Alda ML, Barcelo D (2012) Analysis of the occurrence and risk assessment of polar pesticides in the Llobregat River Basin (NE Spain). Chemosphere 86(1) 8-16... 

Ginebreda A (2008) Ter and Llobregat river basins. The water supply of the Barcelona Area. In 2nd Riskbase WP lb Thematic Workshop, Bridging Science, Water Management and Practical Experiences in European River Basins Oral presentation, Budapest, May 15-17... 

Fig. 2.6.18. LC-MS-MS analysis of halogenated alkylphenolic compounds in chlorinated river water (the Llobregat river, Spain). MRM mode (a) 253 —> 167 for detection of 35C1 nonylphenolic compounds (b) 297 — 79 for 79BrNP (c) 355 —> 297 for 79BrNPE C (d) 399 — 297 for 79BrNPE2C. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [39] 2002 American...

The occurrence of APEO or their metabolites (AP and carboxylated derivatives) was also studied in two tributaries of the Llobregat river (northeastern Spain). The Llobregat river is one of the most important sources of drinking water for the Barcelona area with a population of 3.2 million people. Since 1960, the effluents from tannery, textile, pulp and paper industries, situated along the river basin, have discharged into the river and several comprehensive studies [15—17] have been performed in order to determine the levels of estrogenic alkylphenolic compounds (and steroid sex hormones) and to study the effects of WWTP effluents on the reproductive physiology of fish. 

Concentrations of halogenated NPEO and degradation products in pg L 1 found in the Llobregat river and the drinking water treatment plant of Barcelona, Spain (modified from Ref. [22])... 

Fig. 6.6.1. Scheme of drinking water production plants on the Llobregat river, Spain (waterworks Llobregat) and the river Rhine, Germany (waterworks Rhine) (from Ref. [23] with permission from Elsevier). 

A screening study was conducted with samples from a Llobregat river WWTP in order to establish a better treatment for the removal of organic pollutants. Given that improvement of water quality is known to be achieved with the implementation of GAC filtration, the behaviour of surfactants (polyethoxylated nonylphenols, bromo-polyethoxylated nonylphenols) has been studied on seven different commercial GACs. These pollutants were efficiently removed using a bituminous coal-based GAC [38]. 

Grifoll M, Solanas AM, Bayona JM. 1992. Bioassay directed chemieal eharaeterization of genotoxic agents in the dissolved and particulate water phases of the Besos and Llobregat rivers (Barcelona, Spain). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 23(1) 19-25. 

Rivera, J., J. Caixach, and M. De Torres. 1986. Fate of atrazine and trifluralin from an industrial waste dumping at the Llobregat river. Presence in fish, raw and finished water. Int. J. Anal. Chem. 24 183-191. 

Figure 6 FAB (+) spectrum of an HPLC fraction of raw and drinking water from Llobregat river.

Cespedes R, Lacorte S, Raldua D, Ginebreda A, Barcelo D, Pina B (2005) Distribution of endocrine disrupters in the Llobregat River Basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). Chemos 61 1710-1719... 

Among opioids, CODE, METH, and its metabolite EDDP were the most ubiquitous compormds however, concentrations measured in river waters were usually substantially lower than those of CO and BE. In the Llobregat River, concentrations of these compounds were increasing downstream, reaching valires of 40 ng/L for CODE, 4 ng/L for METH, and 17 ng/L for EDDP (Boleda et al., 2009). MOR was found at low concentrations in some surface water samples collected from the Ebro... 

River basin (<11 ng/L) (Postigo et al., 2010) and in Catalonia (below 31 ng/L in Rubi Cieek and below 7 ng/L in the Llobregat River) (Boleda et al., 2009). HER was never deteeted in snrface waters in Spain and its metabolite 6ACM was rarely detected. 

THC-COOH was often detected in the Llobregat River, at concentrations np to 79.5 ng/L, bnt less freqnently than opioids, CO and BE. THC was detected only in one sample eollected from the Llobregat River, at a concentration of 14 ng/L (Boleda et al., 2007). 

Figure 6.19. Schematic representation of the full-scale treatment plant at Llobregat River in Barcelona Spain. Sample points represented by numbers are in brackets (Montana et al, 2013). Code ultrafiltration (UF), reverse osmosis (RO).

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