Trout liver

L-Ascorbic acid, better known as vitamin C, has the simplest chemical structure of all the vitamins (Figure 18.30). It is widely distributed in the animal and plant kingdoms, and only a few vertebrates—humans and other primates, guinea pigs, fruit-eating bats, certain birds, and some fish (rainbow trout, carp, and Coho salmon, for example)—are unable to synthesize it. In all these organisms, the inability to synthesize ascorbic acid stems from a lack of a liver enzyme, L-gulono-y-lactone oxidase. 

Egaas E, U Varanasi (1982) Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and environmental temperature on in vitro formation of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites by liver of trout (Salmo gairdneri). Biochem Pharmacol 31 561-566. 

Angelow, R.V. and D.M. Nicholls. 1991. The effect of mercury exposure on liver mRNA translatability and metallothionein in rainbow trout. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 100C 439-444. 

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Kidney, liver Muscle... 

Fingerlings were fed a diet containing radiosilver-110m for 34 days then fed a clean diet for 27 days After 34 days, about 12% of the silver fed was retained liver contained 63% of the total radioactivity. After 27 days of depuration 31% of the radiosilver was lost from whole trout, but liver contained 79% of the total radioactivity 36... 

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss 0.2-1.0 Exposure of yolk-sac fry for 110 days produced liver dysfunction, reduced growth, and altered blood chemistry no deaths 8, 21... 

Parker, L.M., D.J. Lauren, J.B. Cooke, and D.E. Hinton. 1990. Metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic aldehydes by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver fractions. Aquat. Toxicol. 18 1-12. 

Rainbow trout, Ortcorhyrtchus mykiss 5—40 Lowest observed effective concentrations for producing adverse effects on gills and kidneys (5 pg/L), liver and heart (10 pg/L), enzyme activities and other tissues (20-40 pg/L) 24... 

Cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki, liver, from lake sprayed with 10 pg technical chlordane/L, total chlordanes Time, after application ... 

Dixon, G.D. and G. Leduc. 1981. Chronic cyanide poisoning of rainbow trout and its effects on growth, respiration, and liver histopathology. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 10 117-131. 

Lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush Great Lakes liver 1993 ... 

Immatures held in 107.0 ng/L 2,3,7,8-TCDD for6 h Some deaths beginning at day 78 pe. At day 136 pe, survivors had reduced growth and enlarged livers tissue residues, in ng/kg FW, were 650 in whole trout, 260 in muscle, 3710 in liver, and 3800 in fat 7... 

The most prominent PCB congeners at 280 to 323 pg/kg DW in the tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps) from Georges Bank in 1981 to 1992 were PCBs 138 and 153 in gonad and liver. At 69 to 82 pg/kg DW, the most prominent PCB congeners in the tilefish from New Jersey during this same period were PCBs 138 and 153 in liver (Steimle etal. 1990). Total PCB concentrations in marine coastal fishes were dominated by the hexachlorobiphenyls (Knickmeyer and Steinhart 1989), but trout from isolated mountain lakes had tri-, tetra-, and pentachlorobiphenyls as the major components of total PCBs (Sanchez et al. 1993). 

Clemons, J.H., L.E.J. Lee, C.R. Myers, D.G. Dixon, and N.C. Bols. 1996. Cytochrome P4501A1 induction by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in liver cell lines from rat and trout and the derivation of toxic equivalency factors. Canad. Jour. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53 1177-1185. 

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