Liver stem cells

Schmidt The liver is sort of an example, and the practical answer to the question of why it is useful to know is because sometimes we want to reconstitute livers. When you do a two-thirds partial hepatectomy all the cells divide. Suppose you push this to a limit and take out 90% of a liver, the hope is that there is something called a liver stem cell which is at something called GO, which is capable of reconstituting 90% as opposed to 67%. Is this a practical definition of GO ... 

Roskams T (2006). Liver stem cells and their implication in hepatocellular and cholangiocardnoma. Oncogene 25 3818 3822. 

Shafritz DA, Dabeva MD (2002). Liver stem cells and model systems for liver repopulation. J... 

Thorgeirsson SS, Grisham JW (2003). Overview of recent experimental studies on liver stem cells. Semin Liver Dis 23 303-312. 

Stem cells are progenitor cells which are not yet specifically formed. They can multiply almost infinitely and form nearly all 210 tissue types in the human being. Depending on their derivation, they are defined as follows .) embryonal (= taken from the inner cell mass of the blastocysts), (2.) foetal (= isolated from 5-9 week-old abortive foetuses, and (5.) adult (= taken from the tissue of adults or children by means of biopsy or from the umbilical cord of newborns. Adult stem cells are limited in number and life span they do, however, have a broader development potential than so far assumed. They have also been found in the liver. The transformation of stem cells from the bone marrow into hepatocytes has been carried out successfully. Liver stem cells (7-15 gm) can develop both primary cell types of the liver, (7.) mature hepatocytes and (2.) biliary epithelial cells. These stem cells are deemed to be genuine liver stem cells, and not merely derived from the activation of immature oval cells in the liver. (54,59, 60, 81) (s. fig. 2.20)... 

Sell, S, (1990), Js there a liver stem cell Cerreer Rris. SO, 3811-3815. 

Gerber MA, Thung SN. Liver stem cells and development. Lab Invest. 1993 68 253-254. 

Sell S. Is there a liver stem cell Cancer Res. 1990 50 3811-3815. 

Incara Pharmaceuticals (Research Triangle Park, NC) Liver stem cells Preclinical... 

Lozoya, O.A., Wauthier, E., Turner, R.A., Barbier, C., Prestwich, G.D., Guilak, E, Superfine, R., Lubkin, S.R., Reid, L.M. Regulation of hepatic stem/progenitor phenotype by microenvironment stiffness in hydrogel models of the human liver stem cell niche. Biomaterials 32,7389-7402 (2011)... 

Cellular therapies in transplantation and cancer are based on specific cells separated or sorted from human blood, bone marrow, or cord blood by means of their specific cell surface markers or cell differentiation antigens, e.g., CD3, CD4, CD8, CD 14, CD 19, and CD34. For example, the CD34+ stem cells, especially those derived from human embryos, have the capacity to differentiate in culture to generate different somatic cells, e.g., liver cells, heart cells, neurons, etc. This exploding field of research is now termed regenerative medicine. 

Hematopoiesis is defined as the development and maturation of blood cells and their precursors. In utero, hematopoiesis may occur in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. However, after birth, it occurs exclusively in the bone marrow. All blood cells are generated from a common hematopoietic precursor, or stem cell. These stem cells are self-renewing and pluripotent and thus are able to commit to any one of the different lines of maturation that give rise to platelet-producing megakaryocytes, lymphoid, erythroid, and myeloid cells. The myeloid cell line produces monocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils, whereas the lymphoid stem cell differentiates to form circulating B and T lymphocytes. In contrast to the ordered development of normal cells, the development of leukemia seems to represent an arrest in differentiation at an early phase in the continuum of stem cell to mature cell.1... 

Low level activation of MPS Interleukin-I Amyloidosis Hyperplastic liver foci Altered stem cell kinetics Altered drug metabolism Altered response to drugs C Biotechnics For biotechnics (and specifically monoclonal antibodies), factors affecting safety include... 

Lange, C., Bassler, P., Lioznov, M.V., Bruns, H., Kluth, D., Zander, A.R. and Fiegel, H.C. (2005a) Liver specific gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells is induced by liver cells. World J Gastroenterol 11,4497 4504. 

Keywords Hepatocyte liver progenitor cell TGF-(3 p-catenin cancer stem cell... 

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