Multiplication-stimulating activity

Somatomedins have now been isolated from many other species. The sequences of bovine and mouse somatomedins C have been reported. Rat somatomedin C/IGF-I differs from the human protein at a few residues, and the complete sequence of the gene that codes for it has been determined [47]. Rat IGF-II is probably identical to another polypeptide, multiplication stimulating activity (MSA), which is produced by a rat liver-derived cell line (BRL cells) and stimulates the growth of many cells in culture. 

A6. Ashton, I. K., and Pocock, A. E., Action of multiplication-stimulating activity on [3H]thymidine incorporation in rabbit and human fetal chondrocytes in vitro. J. Endocrinol. 99, 93-98 (1983). 

B35. Brinsmead, M. W, and Liggins, C. C., A radioreceptor assay for somatomedin-like activity using multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) as radioligand. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 56, 513-525 (1978). 

D8. Daughaday, W. H., Parker, K. A., Borowsky, S., Trivedi, B., and Kapadia, M., Measurement of somatomedin-related peptides in fetal, neonatal, and maternal rat serum by IGF-I radioimmunoassay, IGF-II radioreceptor assay (RRA), and multiplication-stimulating activity RRA after acid-ethanol extraction. Endocrinology (Baltimore) 110, 575-581 (1982). 

Kll. Knauer, D. J., and Smith, G. L., Inhibition of biological activity of multiplication-stimulating activity by binding to its carrier protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Set. U.S.A. 77, 7252-7256 (1980). 

M5. Marquardt, H., Todaro, G. J., Henderson, L. E., and Oroszlan, S., Purification and primary structure of a polypeptide with multiplicating-stimulating activity from rat hver cell cultures.. Biol. Chem. 256, 6859-6865 (1981). 

N3. Nissley, S. P., Passamani, J., and Short, P., Stimulation of DNA synthesis, cell multiplication and ornithine decarboxylase in 3T3 cells by multiplication stimulating activity (MSA). J. Cell. Physiol. 89, 393-402 (1976). 

PIO. Pierson, R. W., andTemin, H. M., The partial puiificsition from calf serum a fraction with multiplication-stimulating activity fr>r chidcen fibroblasts in cell culture and with non-suf ressible insulin-like activity. /. Cdl. FhysioL 79, 319-330 (1972). 

Rl. Rabinovitch, A., Quigley, C., Russel, T., Patel, Y., and Mintz, D. H., Insulin and multiplication-stimulating activity (insulin-like growth (actor) stimulate islet beta-cell replication in neonatal rat pancreatic monolayer cultures. Diabetes 31, 160-164 (1982). 

R3. Rechler, M. M., Fryidund, L., Nissley, S. P., Hall, K., Podskalny, ]., Skottner. A., and Moses, A. G., Purified somatomedin A and rat multiplication stimulating activity. Mitogens for cultured fibroblasts that cross-react with the same growth peptide receptors. Eur. J. Biochem. 82, 5-12 (1978). 

Sievertsson, H., Fryklund, L., Uthne, K., Hall, K., and Westermark, B., Isolation and chemistry of human somatomedins A and B. Ado. Metah. Disord. 8, 47-60 (1975). Skinner, M. K., and Griswold, M. D., Multiplication stimulating activity (MSA) can substitute for insulin to stimulate the secretion of testicular transferrin by cultured Sertoli cells. Cell Biol. Int. Bep. 7, 441-446 (1983). 

Smith, G. L., and Temin, H. M., Purified multiplication-stimulating activity from rat liver cefi conditioned medium Comparison of biological activities with calf serum, insulin and somatomedin. ]. Cell. Physiol. 84, 181-192 (1974). 

T14. Tsuji, M., Kato, Y., Nomura, Y., Kinoshita, M., Kumahara, Y., and Suzuki, F., Effect of multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) on the cyclic AMP level and proteoglycan synthesis in cultured chondrocytes. Acta Endocrinol. (Copenhagen) 104, 117-122 (1983). 

Insulin-like activity in serum fractions was originally termed non-suppressible insulin-like activity, somatomedins (Daughaday et al., 1972) and multiplication-stimulating activity (Moses et al.,... 

Moses, A.C., Nissley, S.P., Short, P.A., Rechler, M.M., White, R.M., Knight, A.B. and Higa, O.Z. (1980) Increased levels of multiplication-stimulating activity and insulin-like growth factor, in fetal rat serum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77 3649-3653. 

IGF-I is also called somatomedin C. IGF-II is similar to Multiplication stimulating activity (see) of rat. The structures of human IGF-I and IGF-II and proinsulin show obvious homologies (Fig.). The number of sequence differences between the IGFs and proinsulin suggest that duplication of the common ancestral... 

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