Liver blood vessels

TO CNS, liver. Cl tract, blood, resp sys, eyes, skin [in animals tumors of the lungs, liver, blood vessels intestines] ... 

TO Eyes, skin, resp sys, CNS, liver, blood, CVS [in animals lung, liver, blood vessel S intestine tumors] ... 

In samples obtained in 1977 and 1978, the same authors also used their cytochemical technique and reported the presence of lead in the esophagus and gut of 50% of the samples. They interpreted the results as indicative that ingestion of contaminated food is one of the important routes for lead in this case. They also found lead in liver, blood vessels, and erythrocytes and considered this as proof of the absorption and transport of the metal (Deleon and P6rez, 1984). 

Lipoprotein fraction with apolipoprotein A-I as structural protein. HDL is believed to carry cholesterol away from the blood vessels and back to the liver. High... 

Nicotinic acid has been used to treat hyperlipidemia when of the order of 1—6 g/d are required, causing dilation of blood vessels and flushing, with skin irritation. Intakes of both nicotinic acid and nicotinamide in excess of 500 mg/d can cause liver damage. 

The liver is a large and distensible organ. As such, large quantities of blood may be stored in its blood vessels providing a blood reservoir function. Under normal physiological conditions, the hepatic veins and hepatic sinuses contain approximately 450 ml of blood, or almost 10% of blood volume. When needed, this blood may be mobilized to increase venous return and cardiac output. 

The arARs are present in many tissues including brain, heart, blood vessels, liver, kidney, prostate and spleen, where they mediate a variety of physiological effects such as neurotransmission, vasoconstriction, cardiac inotropy and chronotropy and... 

The total blood flow to the kidneys is approximately 1200 ml/minute (equivalent to 750 ml of plasma) but this can increase to 1500 ml/minute if the renal blood vessels are fully dilated. This means that the entire blood volume passes through the kidneys in les than 5 min. Only the liver receives a greater total volume of blood per minute (1300 ml) but the larger mass (1.5 kg) of the liver means that the volume of blood reaching the kidneys per gram of tissue per minute is approximately five times greater than the liver ... 

HDL Picks up cholesterol accumulating in blood vessels Delivers cholesterol to liver and steroidogenic tissues via scavenger receptor (SR-BI) Shuttles apoC-II and apoE in blood apoA-1 Activates lecithin cholesterol acylwansferase (LCAT) to produce cholesterol esters... 

HDL is synthesized in the liver and intestines and released as dense protein-rich particles into the blood. They contain apoA-1 used for cholesterol recovery from fatty streaks in the blood vessels. HDL also carry apoE and apoC-11, but those apoproteins are primarily to donate temporarily to chylomicrons and VLDL. 

Chloroform is lipid soluble and readily passes through cell membranes, causing narcosis at high concentrations. Blood chloroform concentrations during anesthesia (presumed concentrations 8,000-10,000 ppm) were 7-16.2 mg/mL in 10 patients (Smith et al. 1973). An arterial chloroform concentration of 0.24 mg/mL during anesthesia corresponded to the following partition coefficients blood/gas, 8 blood/vessel rich compartment, 1.9 blood/muscle compartment, 1.9 blood/fat compartment, 31 blood/vessel poor compartment, 1 and blood/liver, 2 (Feingold and Holaday 1977). Recently, partition coefficients were calculated for humans based on results in mice and rats, and in human tissues in vitro blood/air, 7.4 liver/air, 17 kidney/air, 11 and fat/air, 280 (Corley et al. 1990). 

Most of the triacylglycerol is stored in adipose tissue depots. Smaller amounts are found in muscle and liver. Adipose tissue is connective tissue that contains adipocytes, blood vessels, collagen and lymphocytes. The last latter are present in lymph nodes, most of which are present within adipose tissue depots throughout the body. Indeed, there may be more lymphocytes in adipose... 

Epinephrine is a hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands from tyrosine (see p. 352). Its release is subject to neuronal control. This emergency hormone mainly acts on the blood vessels, heart, and metabolism. It constricts the blood vessels and thereby increases blood pressure (via ai and a2 receptors) it increases cardiac function (via P2 receptors) it promotes the degradation of glycogen into glucose in the liver and muscles (via P2 receptors) and it dilates the bronchia (also via P2 receptors). 

Thus, nitrates relax all smooth musculature including the liver, urinary bladder, and bronchial systems. However, the most active relaxation takes place in blood vessels. 

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