Lithium-titanium oxides

These batteries are new systems which use a lithium-manganese composite oxide for the active material of the positive electrode a lithium-titanium oxide with a spinel... 

The lithium-titanium oxides are prepared by heating a mixture of anatase (Ti02) and LiOH at a high temperature. The product heated at 800-900 °C has a spinel structure of Li4/3Ti5y304. When the charge and discharge cycles are performed... 

Lithium-titanium-oxide spinels provide a relatively low voltage of 1.5V vs. lithium. They are, therefore, of interest as possible negative electrode materials for lithium-ion cells [161-163] they can be coupled, for example, to Li[Mn2104 (4V vs. Li) to yield a 2.5V lithium-ion cell, or to LixMn02 (3V vs. Li) to yield a 1.5V lithium-ion cell. Although these cells have a voltage lower than that of commercial... 

LijOsTi (s) Li20 Ti02 (s) Lithium Titanium Oxide alpha LiaOaTi (s) Li20 Ti02 (s)... 

LizOaTi (i) Li20 Ti02 (1) Lithium Titanium Oxide LiaOaTi (i) Li20 Ti02 (I)... 

FIGURE 3.1 Repeated fast charging cycles of the 11-Ah lithium titanium oxide cell (6C charge and 1C discharge). (For color version of this figure, the reader is referred to the online version of this book.)... 

Charge Rate Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide % Ah to Clamp Voltage Iron Phosphate Lithium Titanium Oxide... 

Table 3.7 Characteristics of the 24-V Lithium Titanium Oxide Module Parameter...

Lithium-ion batteries incorporating lithium titanium oxide anodes have demonstrated high powers at relatively low temperatures, along with long lives, for apphcations as automotive power sources [6]. Many of the specific automotive uses of Ti, its related alloys, and materials have recently been summarized [7]. Titanium alloys have also shown promise for nuclear waste storage [8,9]. 

N. Takami, H. Inagaki, Y. Tatebayashi, H. Saruwatati, K. Honda, S. Egusa, High-power and long-life lithium-ion batteries using lithium titanium oxide anode for automotive and stationary power applications, J. Power Sources 244 (2013) 469—475. 

The anode, cathode, and electrolyte play a critical role in maintaining the performance of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries for low-power applications [1]. The anode uses the spinel (lithium-titanium-oxide [Li TijOjj]) material for its fabrication because it offers the optimum electrochemical performance for the battery. The spinel is considered to be a complex chemical compound. This anode can deliver a very high retention capability in excess of 150 mAh/g or 150 mAh/kg. This kind of energy density and retention capacity is remarkable and can significantly reduce the weight and size of the battery. As a matter of fact, spinel-based... 

For the reference electrode of a three-electrode electrochemical cell, the end tip of the Teflon coated copper wire was removed. Lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti50i2, Altair) was coated on the bare copper [36, 37]. The reference electrode was located between two separators, as shown in Figure 8(b). Before conducting the electrochemical tests, the state of charge of the lithium titanium oxide was set to 50%, and in this state its potential was approximately 1.57 V (vs. All of the cells were assembled in a glove box (MBraun,... 

Feng X, Ding N, Dong Y et al (2013) A chromium oxide solution modified lithium titanium oxide with mueh improved rate performance. J Mater Chem A 1 15310-15315... 

Electrochemical kinetics and safety of 2-volt class li-ion battery system using lithium titanium oxide anode. 

Takami, N., Inagaki, H., Kishi, T., Harada, Y, Fujita, Y, Hoshina, K. 2009. Electrochemical kinetics and safety of 2-volt class Li-ion battery system using lithium titanium Oxide anode. T. Electrodiem. Soc. 156 A128-A132. 

Yi TF, Xie Y, Shu J, Wang Z, Yue CB, Zhu R-S, Qiao HB (2011) Structure and Electrochemical Performance of Niobium-Substituted Spinel Lithium Titanium Oxide Synthesized by Solid-State Method Batteries and Energy Storage. J Electrochem Soc 158 A266-A274... 

One example of anodes alternative to graphite is lithium titanium oxide, Li4Ti50i2 (LTO). This material has a defective spinel-framework structure... 

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