Literature networks

Finally, it is the choice of bioinformatics software that enables the researcher to quickly assess obtained array data. Clustering using self-organizing maps and literature networks are ideally suited for this task. 

It is advised to first examine the graphical display of the literature network. All genes contained in the uploaded file are represented as light red nodes. Other... 

Fig. 16.3 Literature network of 26 genes shared in mice, which were immunized with diphtheria toxoid or tetanus toxoid and different adjuvants (5). The 26 shared genes were submitted to the PubGene software (version 2.6) together with the key word immune response. The gene names were translated into primary symbols by the software. These primary symbols formed a literature network with a functional relationship to immune response, confirming their role in immune response after vaccination. The number of cocitations ranged from 1 to 5198...

The second feature of our results at variance with the literature networks is the observed relationship between oxygen partial pressure and product distribution low oxygen partial pressures favoured DA and MVK formation over C2 products (see figs. 3 and 4). These data taken with the ability of MEK to reduce the VPO catalyst, and in so doing generate DA, MVK and AcH (AcOH was not analysed for in these experiments), imply that lattice oxygen must play a role in the reaction. 

Jenssen TK, Laegreid A, Komorowski J, Hovig E. 2001. A literature network of human genes for high-throughput analysis of gene expression. Nat Genet 28 21-28. 

Grey Literature Network Services, http //www.greynet.org/ (accessed December 15, 2010). 

The question is now Which reaction pathways arc Followed, and to what extent This asks for a detailed modeling of the kinetics of the individual reaction steps of this network. This can be achieved on the basis of the half-lives of four s-triazinc herbicides in soil [17]. Figure 10.3-13 shows the four compounds For which data were Found in the literature. 

Disciplined Approach to Problem Definition Specific technical objectives Quality function deployment or similar process Acquisition of background, literature, etc Networked to many technology resources Scientific Method... 

The factory is modeled as a two-zone network with door, horiztmtally pivoted windows, and roof shed windows as airflow elements. The extract tan and the duct and hood are modeled as additional airflow elements. Wind pressure coefficient data are taken from literature for a simple rectangular buihl-ing shape surrounded by buildings of equal height. 

Literature in the area of neural networks has been expanding at an enormous rate with the development of new and efficient algorithms. Neural networks have been shown to have enormous processing capability and the authors have implemented many hybrid approaches based on this technique. The authors have implemented an ANN based approach in several areas of polymer science, and the overall results obtained have been very encouraging. Case studies and the algorithms presented in this chapter were very simple to implement. With the current expansion rate of new approaches in neural networks, the readers may find other paradigms that may provide new opportunities in their area of interest. 

The ANN as a predictive tool is most effective only within the trained range of input training variables. Those predictions that fall outside the trained range must be considered to be of questionable validity. Even so, whenever experimental data are available for validation, neural networks can be put to effective use. Since an extensive experimental body of data on polymers has been published in the literature, the application of neural networks as a predictive tool for physical, thermodynamic, and other fluid properties is, therefore, promising. It is a novel technique that will continue to be used, and it deserves additional investigation and development. 

A large number of SAHs described in the literature combine synthetic and natural macromolecules in the network structure. The natural components are usually starch, cellulose, and their derivatives. It is assumed that introduction of rigid chains can improve mechanical properties (strength, elasticity) of SAH in the swollen state. Radical graft polymerization is one of the ways to obtain such SAH. 

We shall start out with elementary general topological considerations of flow by studying network flow. We shall follow this by a variety of models from operations research that illustrate analytical methods and problems. No illustrations of statistical methods will be given here because statistics, a fundamental tool of science, is abundantly discussed in the literature of science. 

Models of regular structures, such as zeolites, have been extensively considered in the catalysis literature. Recently, Garces [124] has developed a simple model where the complex pore structure is represented by a single void with a shell formed by n-connected sites forming a net. This model was found to work well for zeolites. Since polymer gels consist of networks of polymers, other approaches, discussed later, have been developed to consider the nature of the structure of the gel. 

TABLE 6.3 Literature Data That Could Be Used to Create Couipouud Siguature Networks... 

NLP systems are being developed to address the increasingly challenging problem of data mining for systems level content from the published literature, that is, integrating across the global expert database of biomedical research [71]. One recent approach to this problem was to develop a web-based tool, PubNet, that is able to visualize concept and theme networks derived from the PubMed literature [72]. 

Douglas SM, Montelione GT, Gerstein M. PubNet a flexible system for visualizing literature derived networks. Genome Biol 2005 6 R80. 

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