Liquid dosage forms syrups

The present chapter deals with calculations involving oral liquid dosage forms including homogenous systems such as syrups and elixirs, and heterogenous systems such as suspensions. 

Liquid Dosage Forms. Simple aqueous solutions, syrups, elixirs, and tinctures are prepared by dissolution of solutes in the appropriate solvent systems. Adjunct formulation ingredients include certified dyes, flavors, sweeteners, and antimicrobial preservatives. These solutions are filtered under pressure, often using selected filtering aid materials. The products are stored in large tanks, ready tor tilling into containers. Quality control analysis is then performed. 

Solutions. For oral solutions, elixirs, syrups, tinctures, or other solubilized forms, in vivo BA and/or BE can be waived [21 CFR 320.22(b) (3) (i)]. Generally, in vivo BE studies are waived for solutions on the assumptions that release of the drug substance from the drug product is self-evident and that the solutions do not contain any excipient that significantly affects drug absorption [21 CFR 320.22(b)(3) (iii) ]. However, there are certain excipients, such as sorbitol or mannitol, that can reduce the BA of drugs with low intestinal permeability in amounts sometimes used in oral liquid dosage forms. 

Syrup An oral solution containing high concentrations of sucrose or other sugars the term has also been used to include any other liquid dosage form prepared in a sweet and viscid vehicle, including oral suspensions. 

Sucrose syrups are also widely used as vehicles in oral liquid-dosage forms to enhance palatability or to increase viscosity. ... 

The thickening properties (Section 2.2.3) are used in °ral and topical liquid dosage forms, e.g. syrups and suspensions. 

The patient s age has a profound influence on the types of dosage forms in which a drug may be given. Pharmaceutical liquids rather than solid dosage forms should be considered for infants and children who are under the age of five years. The liquid dosage forms are generally flavored aqueous solutions, syrups, hydroalcoholic solutions, suspensions, or emulsions, which are administered directly into the oral cavity or administered with food to aid consumption. 

After the administration of a syrup and tablet dosage form of a drug, the following data was obtained. What is the AUC of the liquid relative to the solid dosage form ... 

Nonsolids Typical liquid-based oral dosage forms are elixirs, emulsions, extracts, fluid extracts, solutions, gels, syrups, spirits, tinctures, aromatic waters, and suspen-... 

Dosage form indicate if the product is tablet, powder, liquid (syrup, elixir, spirit, etc.), capsule, injectable, crecim, ointment, suppository, etc. 

Cascara sagrada is available in tablets, capsules, liquids (fluid extracts), and syrups. Fluid extracts are more reliable than the solid dosage forms. Aromatic cascara fluid extract is less bitter and less active than cascara sagrada fluid extract because of the use of magnesium oxide in its preparation (Curry, 1986). Cascara tea is available, but has an extremely bitter taste (Tyler, 1994). 

Building B of ABC Pharmaceutical is designed to manufacture liquids and semisolid products. The conventional pharmaceutical dosage forms include drops, syrups, suspensions, creams/ointments, and suppositories. 

Dosing form Liquid and syrup dosage forms for oral dosing of neonates. Tablet dosage form for older children able to swallow and/or adults. 

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