Lipids, body composition

Routine monitoring of fasting lipid profile, bone mineral density, and body composition in children is not typically required during GH replacement but should be done before and after discontinuation of therapy.35... 

The most superficial layer of skin is the stratum comeum (SC), which consists of terminally differentiated keratinocytes (comeocytes) that originate from actively proliferating keratinocytes in lower epidermis (basale, spinosum, and granulosum cells), and contain a lamellar lipid layer secreted from lamellar bodies (Fig. 7a). Flydration of the SC is an important determinant of skin appearance and physical properties, and depends on a number of factors including the external humidity, and its structure, lipid/protein composition, barrier properties, and concentration of water-retaining osmolytes (natural moisturizing factors, NMFs) including free amino acids, ions, and other small solutes. 

Francini G, Petrioli R, Montagnani A, Cadirni A, Campagna S, Francini E, Gonnelli S. Exemestane after tamoxifen as adjuvant hormonal therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer effects on body composition and lipids. Br J Cancer 2006 95(2) 153-8. 

Attanasio AF, Bates PC, Ho KK, Webb SM, Ross RJ, Strasburger CJ, Bouillon R, Crowe B, Selander K, Valle D, Lamberts SWHypoptiuitary Control and Complications Study International Advisory Board. Human growth hormone replacement in adult hypopitui-tary patients long-term effects on body composition and lipid status—3-year results from the HypoCCS Database. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 87(4) 1600-6. 

Choi,N., Kwon, D., Yoon, S. H., Jung, M. Y., and Shin, H. 2004. Selectively hydrogenated soybean oil with conjugated linoleic acid modifies body composition and plasma lipids in rats. Journal of Nutrit. Biochemistry, 15, 411 117. 

Park, Y., Storkson, J. M., Albright, K. J., Liu,W., and Pariza, M. W. 1999. Evidence that the trans-10,cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid induces body composition changes in mice. Lipids, 34, 235-241. 

As discussed above, aerobic exercise produces numerous physiologic and metabolic changes in the body. Many of these changes are believed to be beneficial for prevention of heart disease. The effects on cardiopulmonary function were mentioned earlier and are clearly beneficial, as are the changes in body composition described in Chapter 9. Further, aerobic exercise appears to have positive effects on blood oholesterol and other lipids. These effects of exercise on the metabolism of lipids and the important transport particles called lipoproteins are discussed in Chapter 5. 

Leon, A. S., Conrad, J., Hunninghake, 0. B. Serfass, R. (1979) Effecbs of a vigorous walking program on body composition and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of obese young men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32, 1776-1787. 

Body composition Larger BSA/body mass. Lower total lipid/fat content Greater dermal absorption Less partitioning of lipid soluble components... 

Amato P, Morales AJ, Yen SS. Effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on insulin sensitivity, serum lipids, and body composition in healthy, nonobese, older men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000 55(5) M260-3. 

Kelley, D.S. and Erickson, K.L. 2003. Modulation of body composition and immune cell functions by conjugated linoleic acid in humans and animal models Benefits vs. risks. Lipids 38, 377-386. 

Zambell, K.L., Keim, N.L., Van Loan, M.D., Gale, B., Benito, P., Kelley, D.S., and Nelson, G.J. 2000. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans Effects on body composition and energy expenditure. Lipids 35, 777-782. 

In summary, dietary fat determines plasma and cellular lipid composition and, thus, effects cellular function and metabolism. This, in turn, determines the animal s food intake and energy expenditure and, thus, determines body weight and body composition. 

Awad AB, Bernardis LL, Fink CS. Failure to demonstrate an effect of dietary fatty acid composition on body weight, body composition and parameters of lipid metabolism in mature rats. J Nutr 1990 120 1277-1282. 

Fig. 23.1 Body composition and lipid deposition. Data are presented as means SD. (a) There is a trend for long-chain 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD)-deficient patients (n = 9 closed bars) to have less fat-free mass and more fat mass compared with control subjects (n = 9 open bars) when expressed as %body mass, (b) There was no difference in fat-free or fat mass expressed as mass/surface area between groups, (c) There was a trend for LCHAD-deficient patients (n = 9 closed bars) to have more extramyocellular Upid EMCL) but no difference in intramyocellular lipid IMCL) compared with...

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