Lipopolysaccharides Lipoproteins

Lipid Transfer Proteins Lipidation Lipopolysaccharide Lipoprotein Lipase... 

The exopolymers consisting of lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins, and sometimes nucleic acids [14] constitute the outer membrane of the cells and, because... 

Staining Applications Golgi apparatus li-pids lipopolysaccharides lipoproteins sphingolipids " vacuoles" ... 

It is estimated that nearly 30 g of dry mixed sludge (from aerobic and anaerobic treatment) are produced per day per inhabitant [53] in municipal treatment systems alone. This suggests that for a city of 1 million inhabitants, this constitutes approximately 30 tonnes of dry sludge produced every day. Wastewater biosolids can be an important source of carbon-based compounds [54], The most important components of wastewater biomass are polysaccharides and proteins, either in pure form or in associations with other compounds, such as glycoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins, and so on. Other constituents include humic substances, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), lipids and uronic acids [54]. In the case of lipids, the content of lipids can vary from 2 to 30% [55]. 

The Gram-negative cell envelope (Fig. 1.4) is even more complicated essentially, it contains lipoprotein molecules attached covalently to the oligosaccharide backbone and in addition, on its outer side, a layer of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and protein attached by hydrophobic interactions and divalent metal cations, Ca and Mg. On the inner side is a layer of phospholipid (PL). 

High-density lipoprotein 0.007-0.012 Delivery to adrenals and ovaries after intravenous injection Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide... 

Thus, lipopolysaccharides are potent pyrogens in man and rabbits. Furthermore, they are mitogens for B-lymphocytes (mouse) and they induce lethal toxicity in various experimental animals (.7). The lipoprotein (IS. coli) is also a B-cell mitogen it is, however, devoid of pyrogenicity and lethal toxicity (6). K-antigens and the enterobacterial common antigen lack all of these latter activities. 

Sterol carrier protein 2 has also been shown to be involved in the intracellular transport and metabolism of cholesterol. Hirai et al. (1994) suggested that sterol carrier protein 2 plays an important role during foam cell formation induced by acetylated LDL and may be an important step in atherosclerosis [142], Lipoproteins can bind lipopolysaccharide and decrease the lipopoly-saccharide-stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines [142, 143], In addition, lipoprotein entrapment by the extracellular matrix can lead to the progressive oxidation of LDL because of the action of lipoxygenases, reactive oxygen species, peroxynitrite, or myeloperoxidase [144, 145],... 

Ohlsson, B.C., Englund, M.C., Karlsson, A.L., Knutsen, E., Erixon, C, Skribeck, H., Liu, Y., Bondjers, G., and Wiklund, O., 1996, Oxidized low density lipoprotein inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced binding of nuclear factor-kappaB to DNA and the subsequent expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta in macrophages, J. Clin. Invest. 98 78-89. 

---